Alcoholism Psychiatric Disorder
Introduction
Introduction to alcoholic toxic disorders Alcoholic toxic mental disorders are caused by long-term or heavy drinking of the central nervous system, leading to mental symptoms. Alcoholic toxic mental disorders are classified into acute and chronic. Acute alcoholic mental disorder, commonly referred to as "drinking madness", another mental disorder caused by acute alcoholism is called pathological drunkenness, that is, a small amount of alcohol causes severe mental symptoms, which is characterized by a strong confusion. Excitability and aggressive behavior, or the illusion and delusion of fragments, can last for hours and hours. The mental disorder in chronic alcoholism is severe damage to the central nervous system caused by prolonged drinking, manifested by progressively worsening personality changes and intelligent decline, often accompanied by severe lesions of various internal organs. The specific treatment methods of this group of patients are: declining alcohol withdrawal method, alcoholic poisoning patients with long-term heavy drinking combined with severe malnutrition and physical illness, the physical condition is very poor, need to use more declining alcohol. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: long-term drinkers Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malnutrition constipation
Cause
Causes of alcoholic toxic disorders
Alcoholism (80%):
It is a fat-soluble, neurotropic substance that has a direct neurotoxic effect on the human brain, which can increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and cause serious damage to the central nervous system. It has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system when alcohol enters the human nerve cell membrane. When the lipid layer begins, it begins to have a destructive effect. After dehydration, degeneration, necrosis, and loss of the cells, the nerve cell body shrinks and the dendrites decrease, resulting in brain atrophy. Long-term heavy drinking can lead to dementia, although its pathological mechanism is not very clear, but most believe that it is mainly alcohol neurotoxicity and thiamine deficiency. Alcohol neurotoxicity and thiamine deficiency can reduce neuronal activity and interfere with the synthesis, release and reuptake of neurotransmitters. Both can also cause damage to the basal ganglia and reduce the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Memory impairment in patients with chronic alcoholic psychosis may be associated with a decrease in acetylcholine: when acetylcholine is significantly reduced, it develops into dementia.
Prevention
Alcoholic toxic disorder prevention
1. Prevention:
(1) Strengthen health propaganda, drink alcohol in a civilized manner, do not persuade alcohol, do not drink alcohol, do not drink on an empty stomach, do not drink alcohol. Avoid alcohol abuse caused by alcohol.
(2) Strictly implement the drug administration management law, strengthen drug management and prescription monitoring, and strictly control the clinical application indications of addictive drugs. Strictly enforce the law on minors and control the drinking of minors.
(3) Control the illegal demand for addictive drugs and combat illegal cultivation and drug trafficking. Promote the production of low-alcohol, fruit wine, reduce the production of spirits, and crack down on illegal alcohol production.
(4) Strengthen psychological counseling and health education. Focus on strengthening the promotion and management of high-risk groups.
2. Other notes:
Common malnutrition, constipation and infectious diseases.
Complication
Alcoholic toxic disorders Complications, malnutrition, constipation
Malnutrition, constipation and infectious diseases are common. The mental disorder in chronic alcoholism is severe damage to the central nervous system caused by prolonged drinking, manifested by progressively worsening personality changes and intelligent decline, often accompanied by severe lesions of various internal organs.
Symptom
Symptoms of Alcoholic Toxic Disorders Common Symptoms Alcoholic hallucinations Alcoholic tremor Alcohol dependence Alcoholism Phenomenacic tremor withdrawal response Alcoholic toxic paranoid state Emotional inversion
1. Dependence syndrome, which is a special psychological state caused by repeated drinking. The patient has a desire for wine and a compulsive feeling of constant need for drinking, which can occur continuously or intermittently. If drinking is stopped, psychological and life withdrawals occur. symptom. The syndrome has the following clinical features:
1 The thirst for drinking is beyond control;
2 fixed drinking mode, the patient must drink at a fixed time regardless of the occasion to avoid or relieve withdrawal symptoms;
3 drinking has become the center of all activities, and even significantly affects work, family life and social activities;
4 Tolerance gradually increases, and the patient needs to continuously increase the amount of alcohol consumed in order to obtain the effect achieved at the beginning of drinking or to prevent the occurrence of physiological withdrawal symptoms;
5 withdrawal syndrome recurrence, if the patient reduces the amount of alcohol or prolongs the drinking interval, it causes the body's alcohol concentration to drop and the withdrawal syndrome. The most common symptoms are tremors of the hands, feet, limbs and torso, ataxia, irritable mood, and prone to shocking reactions; sweating, nausea and vomiting are also visible.
2, tremors, patients suddenly reduced alcohol consumption after long-term drinking or stop drinking can quickly produce a short-term disturbance of consciousness. At the time of the attack, the patient's consciousness is unclear, there are time and place to the obstacle, and there are vivid and vivid visions and suspicions; thus manifested as extreme fear or impulsive behavior. At the same time, the patient's limbs have large tremors and ataxia, often accompanied by fever, sweating, rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and dilated pupils. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening. The duration of tremors varies, usually 3 to 5 days. After recovery, the patient is partially or completely forgotten.
3, alcohol toxic hallucinations, this is an illusion caused by long-term drinking. The patient has a large number of rich and distinct hallucinations within 1 to 2 days after the sudden reduction or stop of drinking, which is regarded as the main hallucination. Common primitive illusions as well as critical and imperative auditory hallucinations. On the basis of hallucinations, there may also be fragmentary delusions and corresponding nervous fears or depressions. During the onset of the disease, the patient's state of consciousness is clear, and there is no significant psychomotor excitability and hyperactivity of the plant.
4, alcoholic paranoia, patients with delusions and suspicions in the case of clear consciousness, clinically more common in the past. The patient has no doubt about the infidelity of the spouse. For this reason, there is often a violent reaction, which can also lead to attacks on suspects or spouses, sometimes resulting in murderous consequences. It has also been called toxic in wine in the past.
5, alcoholic toxic encephalopathy This is the most serious mental illness of chronic alcoholism, which is the result of long-term heavy drinking caused by brain damage. Clinically, sputum, memory impairment, dementia and personality changes are the main features, and most patients cannot fully return to normal.
The above mainly introduces the main manifestations of chronic alcoholic toxic mental disorders. Mental disorders caused by alcohol can cause great harm to the mental and physical health of patients, and also bring certain burdens to family and society. Therefore, if symptoms occur, measures should be taken immediately. If the symptoms are serious, they should go to the hospital for professional treatment. If you do not understand the symptoms expressed in the text, you can consult the online experts.
Examine
Examination of alcoholic toxic disorders
Neurological examination and laboratory examination. Medically, it mainly checks blood routine, urine routine, routine, blood gas analysis, blood electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, etc.), liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, myocardial enzymes, thyroid function, blood sugar and so on. Blood routine is the most common and basic blood test. Blood consists of two major parts, fluid and tangible cells, which are routinely tested for blood. The disease is judged by observing the quantitative change and the morphological distribution. It is one of the commonly used auxiliary examination methods for doctors to diagnose the disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of alcoholic toxic mental disorders
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
On the basis of mastering the diagnosis points of alcohol-induced mental disorders, it is generally not difficult to distinguish them from other mental disorders.
Acute alcoholism should be ruled out: 1 acute exacerbation of certain brain organic diseases, such as epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, etc.; 2 paralysis caused by physical illness; 3 mental disorders caused by other psychoactive substances; 4 embarrassment of affective disorder Madness. The hallucinations and delusions caused by chronic alcoholism should be distinguished from schizophrenia and paranoid mental disorders. Coxsack's syndrome and alcoholic dementia should be differentiated from cognitive decline, dementia status, and personality changes caused by other causes.
