joint sprain
Introduction
Introduction to joint sprain Joint sprains are more common in adolescent sports injuries and work injuries in manual workers, most commonly in the ankle, wrist and lower back. The main clinical manifestations are painful swelling and joint movement limitation at the injury site, which occur mostly in the waist, ankle, knee, shoulder, wrist, elbow, hip and other parts. Common symptoms of sprains are pain, swelling, joint activity, etc., where pain is a symptom that occurs in patients with sprains in each joint, and swelling, skin bruising, and joint rotation are common manifestations of sprains. No matter which kind of joint sprain occurs, in the acute phase of the sprain, the patient can not let the injured part move freely, otherwise the soft tissue will not be fully repaired, and the fresh sprain will become an old sprain, causing pain and paralysis. The swelling is not easy to subside. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: more common in teenagers Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Fractures External humeral neck fractures
Cause
Cause of joint sprain
Weight-bearing and high-intensity exercise (25%):
The knee joint is the largest joint in the human joint. It bears the weight of the whole body. It has to bear several times more weight than the whole body during exercise and work. It is overloaded, the athlete is overloaded and the joint is excessively worn out. For those who are overweight, the knee joint is heavier.
Joint damage (35%):
Knee joint ligament injury, fat pad injury, meniscus injury, traumatic synovitis, knee osteoarthritis, etc. can cause knee pain.
Degenerative lesions (12%):
With the increase of age, the functions of various organs of the body gradually decrease, the secretion of mucus in the joint cavity is reduced, the articular cartilage is dry, gradually wear and thin, the joint bone hyperplasia is combined with the physiological atrophy of the muscles around the joint, the elasticity of the ligament is weakened, and the knee joint activity is gradually reduced. Decrease. Increased age, reduced bone mass, osteoporosis. The bearing capacity per unit area is reduced, resulting in a degeneration.
Wind, cold, wet, evil invasion (14%):
Due to poor blood circulation in the knee, it is vulnerable to rheumatism and cold, and even hurts the knee joint. Such as deep water, shower after exercise, sedentary long-sleeved wetlands, fishermen's offshore operations, farmers working in the greenhouse for a long time, lack of protection in cold storage workers, military officers standing in the snow, on the motorcycle, cold wind blowing to the joints, women Comrades wearing short skirts in winter or menstrual lower limbs after menstruation are vulnerable to cold and cold.
Prevention
Joint sprain prevention
The main prevention of this disease is to strengthen labor protection and prevent trauma. Before physical exercise, adequate preparations should be taken to prevent injury. Children should avoid pulling hard.
Complication
Joint sprain complication Complications, fractures of the external humerus and neck fractures
This disease is most often associated with fractures, nerve damage and so on. For example, if there are dislocations in the shoulder joint, about 30-40% of the patients have large nodules fractures, or a surgical neck fracture of the humerus, or a compression fracture of the humeral head. Sometimes the joint capsule or the scapula is avulsed from the front attachment, and the healing is not good. Cause habitual dislocation. The biceps femoris tendon can slip backwards, causing joint reduction. The medial bundle of the phrenic nerve or brachial plexus can be compressed or pulled by the humeral head, causing neurological dysfunction and also damaging the radial artery. Therefore, attention should be paid to the presence of other combined injuries during the inspection.
Symptom
Symptoms of joint sprains Common symptoms Joint pain Joint swelling Skin blue-purple changes
Common symptoms are pain, swelling, joint activity, etc., where pain is a symptom that occurs in patients with sprains in each joint, and swelling, skin bruising, and joint rotation are common manifestations of sprains.
symptom:
1. Using a sprained muscle can cause pain and prevent the joint from being in place.
2, the skin produces congestion, bruises.
3, swelling.
Examine
Joint sprain examination
Diagnosis is not difficult. Diagnosis can usually be made based on his or her medical history and clinical manifestations, as well as simple physical examination. However, clinically applied auxiliary examination can more clearly understand the condition of joint sprain, including whether the bone is damaged.
X-ray examination: It is important to determine the direction and extent of dislocation and the presence or absence of a combined fracture.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of joint sprain
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be performed based on examination and clinical manifestations.
Differential diagnosis
Joint pain: When the knees are lifted, there is a sound in the knee joint. There is a sound in the cervical spine, and the fingers are heard by the fingers. These sounds are often called "snap". Joint sound is a normal phenomenon. This is because the sound of the tendon sliding during the activity is not the sound of the bone, nor the lesion of the knee joint, but if the sound is accompanied by pain, then it should be vigilant.
Joint swelling and pain: refers to the swelling around the joints, flushing, fever and limited movement, which is the clinical manifestation of various diseases. In order to be able to select the clinic more accurately, it is necessary to analyze the patient's age, gender, medical history, long-term living environment, occupation and accompanying symptoms, and then make a preliminary judgment. Of course, the diagnosis is based on detailed physical examination and laboratory conditions.
Joint contracture: joint contracture is one of the clinical manifestations of congenital joint contracture. Congenital joint contracture refers to the flexion contracture state of the joint in the intrauterine position. At birth, the body is flexed or the joints are stiff, that is, congenital multiple joint contractures. It can also be ignored.
Common symptoms of joint sprains are pain, swelling, joint activity, etc., where pain is a symptom that occurs in patients with sprains in each joint, and swelling, skin bruising, and joint rotation are common manifestations of sprains.
