bone defect
Introduction
Introduction to bone defect Bone Defect The structural integrity of the phalanx is destroyed and is a common clinical disease. Trauma, infection, tumors, debridement of osteomyelitis, and various congenital diseases are the main causes of bone defects. The local clinical manifestations of typical defects, combined with X-ray examination, can confirm the diagnosis. There is local pain in the skull defect, pain in the margin of the defect, unbearable brain pulsation, and the scalp is trapped in the skull when the defect is high. When the defect is low, the scalp even merges with some brain tissue and the ventricle bulges outward. When the long-term skull defect has brain swelling or protrusion, the brain tissue can be atrophied and cystic. Children's skull defects become larger with the development of brain tissue, affecting normal brain development and low intelligence. Adults may have unresponsiveness, memory loss and even focal neurological symptoms and signs. Meningeal-brain scar formation can be associated with epilepsy. At present, methods for treating bone defects include autologous bone and allogeneic bone transplantation, tissue engineering techniques and gene therapy, growth factors, and adjuvant therapy of physical therapy. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Acne Pneumonia
Cause
Cause of bone defect
Trauma, infection, tumors, debridement of osteomyelitis, and various congenital diseases are the main causes of bone defects.
Congenital factors (35%):
Cleft lip and palate is one of the common factors. According to statistics, the incidence of cleft lip and palate in China is 1. There are congenital ear injuries, of which ear defects are more common and nasal defects are less common. The above-mentioned defect malformation is mainly caused by maternal nutritional deficiency, endocrine disorders, infection, mental stimulation, injury and heredity during pregnancy.
Traumatic factors (15%):
Trauma is a major cause of this disease. Common traumas are injuries to the jaws, ears, nose, eyes and limbs caused by work injuries, burns, blast injuries and traffic accidents.
Iatrogenic factors (25%):
The most common is the bone defect caused by surgical resection of various tumors.
Prevention
Bone defect prevention
For bone defects caused by various congenital diseases, prenatal and postnatal care, prenatal diagnosis can reduce the incidence.
Complication
Bone defect complications Complications, acne pneumonia
Loss of mobility, prolonged bed rest may lead to hemorrhoids and hypostatic pneumonia.
Symptom
Symptoms of bone defects Common symptoms Children's bone defects, pain, memory impairment, dullness, dizziness
1. Local manifestation: local pain in the skull defect, pain in the margin of the defect, unbearable brain pulsation, scalp plunging into the skull when the defect is high; when the defect is low, the scalp even merges part of the brain tissue and the ventricle bulges outward .
2. Skull Defect Syndrome: mainly manifested as headache, dizziness, the patient's fear of pulsation, bulging, and collapse of the defect area, fear of sun exposure, fear of vibration, or even noise, often have poor self-control and difficulty in concentration. And memory decline; or depression, fatigue, ignorance and low self-esteem.
3. Long-term bone defect: When the long-term skull defect has brain swelling or protrusion, the brain tissue can be atrophied and cystic. Children's skull defects become larger with the development of brain tissue, affecting normal brain development and low intelligence. Adults may have unresponsiveness, memory loss and even focal neurological symptoms and signs. Meningeal-brain scar formation can be associated with epilepsy.
Examine
Bone defect examination
Auxiliary inspection:
1. X-ray film: The position and extent of the skull defect can be displayed by the positive lateral position and other different plain X-ray examinations.
2. CT scan: combined with X-ray film, not only can further clear the location and extent of the skull defect, but also can understand the surrounding skull and brain, brain bulging tissue, which is conducive to surgery.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of bone defects
The bone defect has a typical local clinical manifestation of the defect. The positive side position and other different orientation plain films can show the location and extent of the skull defect. Combined with X-ray plain film and CT scan, the diagnosis can be confirmed. The combination of CT scan and X-ray film can not only further clarify the location and extent of the skull defect, but also understand the surrounding skull and brain and brain bulging tissue, which is conducive to surgery.
