pediatric rhinitis
Introduction
Introduction to Pediatric Rhinitis Pediatric rhinitis refers to inflammation of the nasal mucosa and submucosal tissue. It can be divided into acute rhinitis and chronic rhinitis in terms of the severity of the disease and the length of the disease. In addition, there is a very common rhinitis associated with the external environment for allergic rhinitis. The symptoms of acute rhinitis and cold in children are very similar. When children have nasal congestion, sore throat, headache, sneezing and other symptoms, parents often think that the child is catching a cold, but it is not known that rhinitis is at work. In childhood, the morphological development and physiological functions of various organs of the body are imperfect, resulting in children's resistance and poor adaptability to the outside world, so children are more prone to rhinitis. Acute rhinitis in children is mainly caused by viral infection or secondary bacterial infection on the basis of viral cold. The common causes are cold, overwork, vitamin deficiency, etc. Other nasal chronic diseases such as nasal septum deviation and nasal polyps. The local factors of chronic rhinitis in children are repeated episodes of acute rhinitis, or incomplete treatment, chronic diseases of the nasal cavity and sinus, infection of adjacent tissues, improper or excessive nasal administration, systemic factors such as chronic diseases of the whole body, malnutrition, etc. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 30% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: acute suppurative otitis media acute pharyngitis acute laryngitis
Cause
Causes of pediatric rhinitis
Causes of acute rhinitis in children
Mainly for viral infection or secondary bacterial infection on the basis of the virus, the common causes are cold, overwork, vitamin deficiency, etc. Others such as nasal septum deviation, nasal polyps and other nasal chronic diseases. The situation of cold is more common when the temperature is abrupt, the children's clothes are not added or removed in time, or when the child sleeps, the child is opened and the cover is cold, or the children play cold water, barefoot and play cold.
Causes of chronic rhinitis in children
Local factors are recurrent episodes of acute rhinitis, or incomplete treatment, chronic diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses, infection of adjacent tissues, improper or excessive nasal administration, systemic factors such as chronic diseases of the whole body, malnutrition, etc.
Prevention
Pediatric rhinitis prevention
1. Usually pay attention to nasal hygiene.
2. Pay attention to the method of blowing the nose. If there is more nasal congestion, it is better to press one side of the nostrils and apply a little force to the external hemorrhoids.
3. If you have a toothache, treat it thoroughly.
4. Chronic rhinitis should pay attention to strengthen exercise to enhance physical fitness to prevent colds.
5. Keep your temperament and avoid mental stimulation. Also be careful not to overwork.
6. Do not greasy spicy food, drink plenty of water, eat more vegetables, keep the stool smooth.
7. Usually do a nose massage.
Complication
Pediatric rhinitis complications Complications Acute suppurative otitis media acute pharyngitis acute laryngitis
Because the nasal cavity communicates with the pharynx and communicates with the lungs through the pharynx; at the same time, the eustachian tube is also connected to the nasopharynx. Therefore, acute rhinitis in children can cause some complications, common complications are:
1, acute sinusitis: because the sinus opening is located in the nasal passages, bacteria enter the sinus, causing acute sinusitis.
2, acute non-suppurative otitis media: due to mucosal congestion of the eustachian tube of the nasopharynx, causing non-suppurative otitis media, resulting in ear swelling, occlusion, hearing loss, or tinnitus, and tympanic effusion.
3, acute suppurative otitis media: acute rhinitis may cause acute suppurative otitis media, severe pain in the ear, or obvious fever, then the flow of yellow pus in the ear, ear pus, fever and ear pain and other symptoms are significantly reduced.
4, acute pharyngitis: acute rhinitis, may be associated with acute pharyngitis, or cause acute pharyngitis. There is sore throat, aggravation when swallowing, or a feeling of discomfort in the throat, spitting, "squeaky" in the throat, coughing.
5, acute laryngitis: acute rhinitis can be associated with acute laryngitis, or cause acute laryngitis. The symptoms of acute laryngitis are mainly hoarseness or hoarseness. The speech is not clear when speaking, and may be accompanied by itching and coughing. If the baby within three years of age develops acute laryngitis or acute hypoglossal laryngitis, wheezing may occur, snoring and coughing in the throat.
6, bronchitis and lung infection: If acute rhinitis causes bronchitis or lung infection, the symptoms of fever are obvious, the symptoms of cough are aggravated, lack of energy, and there is a rales in the auscultation of the lungs.
Symptom
Symptoms of rhinitis in children Common symptoms Nasal congestion and throat burning olfactory loss Hearing loss Tinnitus apathy Aversion
Chronic rhinitis symptoms in children
It is characterized by nasal congestion and olfactory failure. Chronic simple rhinitis reduces nasal congestion during daytime activities, while nasal congestion increases at night and during sitting. When lying on the side, the nasal cavity on the lower side is blocked, and the upper nasal cavity is well ventilated. When lying on the other side, the nasal congestion appears on the other side of the nasal cavity. The nasal discharge is mucous, often accompanied by headache, dizziness, and decreased sense of smell. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is mostly persistent nasal congestion, nasal mucus or mucous purulent, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, insomnia, and apathetic.
Acute rhinitis symptoms in children
There is mild aversion to cold and fever, general malaise, sensation of burning in the nasopharynx, dryness in the nose, itching, and sneezing. After 1 to 2 days, there is a tendency to have a stuffy nose, a large amount of watery nose, a loss of sense of smell, and a headache. After 3-4 days, due to secondary infection, the secretion turned to yellow pus and it was difficult to sputum, and the nasal congestion was heavier. If there is no complication, it will return to normal in about 1 week. And the adaptability to the outside world is poor, so children are more prone to rhinitis.
Examine
Pediatric rhinitis examination
1, according to clinical manifestations: children with chronic rhinitis symptoms characterized by nasal congestion, olfactory failure. Chronic simple rhinitis reduces nasal congestion during daytime activities, while nasal congestion increases at night and during sitting. When lying on the side, the nasal cavity on the lower side is blocked, and the upper nasal cavity is well ventilated. When lying on the other side, the nasal congestion appears on the other side of the nasal cavity. The nasal discharge is mucous, often accompanied by headache, dizziness, and decreased sense of smell. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is mostly persistent nasal congestion, nasal mucus or mucous purulent, tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, insomnia, and apathetic.
2, timely nasal examination, light film of the affected area, blood routine examination.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of pediatric rhinitis
Differential diagnosis
1. Influenza: The systemic symptoms of the disease are relatively heavy, such as high fever, chills, headaches, general joints and muscle pain, and the upper respiratory symptoms are not obvious.
2, allergic rhinitis: often mistaken for acute rhinitis, the disease mainly manifests as paroxysmal sneezing and sputum, nasal congestion, etc., systemic symptoms are not serious, nasal secretions cytology, skin test and specific examination Can be identified.
3, nasal diphtheria: bloody, systemic symptoms, often accompanied by throat diphtheria.
4, acute infectious diseases: such as measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, etc., in addition to nasal symptoms, this type of disease also has systemic manifestations, and systemic symptoms are heavy.
