Nasal osteoma
Introduction
Introduction to nasal bone tumor Osteosarcoma is the most common benign tumor of the sinus, which is rare in the nasal cavity and external nose and nose. 70% of the sinuses occur in the frontal sinus, 25% in the sinus sinus, and less in the maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinus. The base of the osteoma is mostly located in the posterior wall of the frontal sinus and the sinus sinus wall, so it is also a benign tumor common in the anterior skull base. A small number of giant osteomas can occupy several sinuses, even the nasal cavity and eyelids. More common in adolescence, more men. According to its pathological tissue, nasal osteosarcoma can be divided into three types: 1. dense type (hard or ivory type): hard, small, pedicle, slow growth, may come from membrane osteogenesis, more common in the frontal sinus. 2. Loose type (soft or sponge type): soft, multi-wide, large in size, fast in growth, sometimes the center can be liquefied into a cystic cavity; the surface is a harder bone capsule, which may come from cartilage osteogenesis, Formed by ossified fibrous tissue, common in the ethmoid sinus or maxillary sinus. 3. Mixed type: more common in clinical practice. External hard internal pine, common in the frontal sinus. In addition to simple osteoma, there are a variety of mixed osteoma, such as fibrous osteoma, vascular osteoma, osteoid osteoma and so on. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% - 0.008% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sinus mucus cysts Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Cause
Cause of nasal bone tumor
The cause of nasolabroma is still unclear, but most believe that self-embryonic cartilage remains. According to the theory of embryonic residues, this true osteoma is derived from the residual embryonic cartilage, which occurs in the junction of two different tissues. Therefore, it occurs clinically in the frontal bone (intramembranous osteogenesis) and ethmoid (in the cartilage). Osteogenesis). From the membranous tissue, developed into a rigid osteoma; derived from cartilage tissue, developed into cancellous osteoma; derived from two kinds of organizers (such as the jaw bone), developed into mixed osteoma. However, due to chronic irritation, infection and trauma caused by periosteal hyperplasia and growth, clinical is not uncommon. Another view is that the periosteal hyperplasia caused by trauma and infection is caused by 50% of frontal sinus osteoma with a history of frontal sinus trauma.
Prevention
Nasal osteoma prevention
Usually pay attention to exercise, enhance physical fitness and reduce colds.
Complication
Nasal tumor complications Complications, sinus mucus cyst, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
The ethmoid sinus osteoma is prone to complications such as sinusitis, mucinous cyst, brain gas, intracranial infection, and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
Symptom
Nasal osteoma symptoms Common symptoms Nasal facial deformity Visual impairment Ocular eye Diplopia
The majority of patients are male, mostly in young people under the age of 30. Small bone tumors, generally do not cause symptoms, often only found by accident on the sinus X-ray film. Larger osteoma can cause various symptoms depending on the location and scope of invasion. Nasal osteoma is characterized by localized rigid bulging. The main symptom of nasal osteoma is that local mechanical obstruction can cause nasal obstruction, runny nose, headache, and can invade adjacent organs in the late stage. Because osteoma mostly occurs in the frontal sinus, headache can occur due to obstruction of the nasal frontal tube. To the advanced tumor often exceeds the sinus cavity, invading the nasal cavity, paralysis, can cause nasal symptoms, exophthalmos, eyeball shift, diplopia, vision loss, eye movement disorders, headache and obvious facial deformity, develop into the skull, oppress the brain Department, can cause intracranial symptoms or induce intracranial infection.
Examine
Nasal osteoma examination
Local examination revealed a smooth, hard mass that was covered with normal mucosa, often with polyps and sinusitis. X-ray film is helpful for the diagnosis of nasal osteoma, and its nature, location, extent and attachment can be determined. Surgical exploration and postoperative biopsy can be confirmed.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of nasal osteoma
1. Dense type: also known as hard, hard, ivory, ebony osteoma, derived from membranous tissue, developed into this type, composed of osteogenesis of dense bone plate, hard as ivory, smaller It has many pedicles and slow growth. It occurs mostly in the frontal sinus and can also be seen in the nasal bone.
2. Loose type: also known as soft type, sponge type, derived from cartilage tissue, developed into cancellous osteoma. It consists of ossified fibrous tissue, which has irregularly arranged bone tissue. Sometimes it can be seen as osteoblasts. It has soft texture, wide roots, large volume and fast growth. Sometimes the center can be liquefied into a cystic cavity with a hard surface. Bone sac, common in the ethmoid sinus.
3. Mixed type: developed from two types of organizers into mixed osteoma. Most or the peripheral part of the tumor is often dense, and the core or basal part is cancellous. Therefore, the tumor is hard and loose inside, which often occurs in the frontal sinus.
