conductive hearing loss
Introduction
Introduction to Conductive Deafness Hearing impairment caused by external or middle ear lesions is called conductive deafness. Conductive deafness is also known as transsexual paralysis. The way in which external sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear is hampered by the pathological factors of the ear sound system. The ear sound transmission system has an external auditory canal, a tympanic membrane, a hearing bone, a snail window and the like. Therefore, damage to the above-mentioned parts for any reason can cause deafness. Such as external ear canal congenital atresia, paralysis, foreign body, inflammation and tumors. Tympanic membrane diseases such as tympanic membrane rupture, perforation, middle ear malformation, inflammation, trauma and mass. However, it is more common in otitis media and obstructive lesions of the external auditory canal. Therefore, active prevention and treatment of otitis media is of great significance in preventing deafness. Treatment is mainly for the cause, such as the formation of external or middle ear malformation, the tympanoplasty caused by otitis media. The corresponding treatment should be based on different causes. For congenital external auditory canal and middle ear dysplasia and various otitis media sequelae, hearing reconstruction surgery can be performed when the eustachian tube and cochlear function are normal, such as tympanic membrane repair, tympanoplasty, and humeral resection. Hearing aids may be recommended for those who are unable or unwilling to operate. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dizziness, facial paralysis, meningitis
Cause
Causes of conductive deafness
Ear canal inflammation (35%)
Among them, otitis media is a common ear disease that causes conductive deafness, especially in children. The course of the disease can be acute, often accompanied by pain, fever and other symptoms, requiring immediate symptomatic treatment; it can also be chronic. Chronic suppurative otitis media is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, periosteum or deep bone. The cause can be acute otitis media prolonged unhealed, eustachian tube obstruction, nasal nasal pharyngeal chronic lesions. Chronic otitis media can be divided into simple type, bone ulcer type, cholesteatoma type, the symptoms are ear pus, hearing loss, ear pain and even abscess around the ear. Hearing loss is associated with perforation of the tympanic membrane, destruction of the ossicular chain, or labyrinthine inflammation. Among them, simple otitis media lesions are limited, only tympanic membrane perforation or ossicular lesions, ear suspension pus for more than two months can be tympanic membrane repair, ossicular chain reconstruction surgery to reconstruct the tympanic and hearing; and bone ulcer, cholesteatoma Type otitis media can destroy bone mass. In severe cases, it can cause intracranial and extracranial complications such as neurological spasm, dizziness, facial paralysis, meningitis. Once diagnosed, mastoidectomy should be performed to remove the lesion and tympanoplasty as appropriate.
Congenital factors (15%)
Common cases include external auditory canal atresia, tympanic membrane, ossicular, snail, external ear malformation, middle ear malformation, external auditory canal stenosis, vestibular window and tympanic dysplasia.
Other factors (15%)
Common such as foreign body in the ear canal, sputum plug, tumor obstruction, scar atresia, tympanitis, tympanic membrane perforation.
Prevention
Conductive deafness prevention
Prevention of conductive deafness:
1. Keep the external auditory canal clean to prevent damage to the external auditory canal. Never use unclean matchsticks, toothpicks, and hairpins to dig ears to avoid external auditory canal inflammation. Local swelling causes hearing loss.
2, swimmers, before the water can be used to soak the outer ear canal with cotton impregnated with petroleum jelly to prevent sewage into the ear canal, causing infection.
3, when a cold, usually accompanied by a nose is not ventilated, runny nose, then avoid excessive force, the nasal sinus in the nasal cavity through the short tube communicating with the middle ear into the middle ear, causing otitis media. The ephedrine nasal drops should be dripped to make the mucous membranes swollen, ventilated, and easy to discharge secretions. When you rub your nose, hold down a nostril and gently pry it out.
Complication
Conductive deafness complications Complications, dizziness, facial meningitis
In severe cases, it can cause intracranial and extracranial complications such as neurological spasm, dizziness, facial paralysis, and meningitis.
Symptom
Conductive deafness symptoms Common symptoms Deafness Hearing loss Hearing loss Central deafness Conductive deafness
1. Ambient noise has a slight hearing disturbance to patients with conductive paralysis. This patient's ability to accept language in a noisy environment is often similar to that of a normal person.
2, the hearing loss of conductive sputum generally does not exceed 60 decibels, because more than 60 decibels of sound can be directly transmitted to the inner ear through the skull.
3, hearing loss, hearing loss or deafness.
Examine
Conductive deafness examination
1. Tuning fork inspection: Linna test air conduction is greater than or equal to bone conduction, Weber test is biased to the affected side ear, and Schwabach test bone extension is extended.
2. Electrical audiometry (audiogram): The bone conduction curve is normal or close to normal, and the air conduction curve hearing loss is between 30 and 60 dB. Generally, the low frequency hearing loss is heavier and there is a gas bone conduction distance.
3, acoustic impedance test: through the tympanogram and acoustic reflection to judge.
4. Speech audiometry: Speech audiometry is a method of testing a subject's speech threshold and speech resolution score. Under normal circumstances, the speech discriminant score can reach 90%-100%, and the discriminative threshold of the conductive sputum is not affected. The sensory neuropathic sputum caused by cochlear lesions not only improves the verbal discriminant threshold, but also reduces the speech discriminant score. The decline in speech discrimination scores of auditory neuropathy is more pronounced.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of conductive deafness
1, middle ear inflammation such as tympanic membrane congestion, tympanic effusion, tympanic membrane perforation, improper treatment in the acute phase, resulting in tympanic adhesions, tympanic membrane invagination, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, ossicular chain and tympanic wall adhesion, affecting its active function.
2, pure tone audiometry bone conduction in the normal range <25dB, air conduction generally does not exceed 60dB.
3, acoustic impedance test tympanogram B, C type, sacral muscle reflex normal or disappear.
