fungal vulvitis
Introduction
Introduction to fungal vulvitis Fungal vulvitis is a kind of vulvitis caused by yeast-like bacteria. The most common pathogen is Candida albicans. There may be a small amount of Candida albicans in the vagina of 10-20% of normal women, but it does not cause symptoms. It only causes disease when the body's resistance is reduced and Candida reaches a considerable amount. Therefore, the body's cellular immunity is low. For example, in patients with immunosuppressive drugs, vaginal epithelial cells have increased glycogen. When acidity is enhanced, mold reproduction rapidly causes inflammation, so it is more common in pregnant women, diabetes, and patients receiving estrogen therapy. The clinical symptoms of fungal vulvitis are itching, burning sensation and urinary pain (combined urethritis). Many women complain of pain in sexual intercourse, often redness around the vulva, edema, and changes in the epidermis: very shallow blisters can occur. In groups; it can also form eczema-like erosion, confined to the vulva or to the surrounding area to the perineum, around the anus and femoral folds, until the inside of the thigh. basic knowledge Proportion of the disease: women infected with this disease is about 10-20% Susceptible people: women Mode of transmission: sexual contact spread Complications: urethritis vaginitis cervicitis
Cause
Cause of fungal vulvitis
Fungal vulvitis is inflammation of the genital area caused by a yeast-like type. The most common pathogen is Candida albicans.
Do not pay attention to self-health (35%):
Most women do not pay attention to their own health work leading to infection of vulvar inflammation, such as the use of dirty toilet paper, sanitary napkins. Mix basins and washes with others. Frequent sitting in a public bath or in a swimming pool can cause women to become infected with vulvitis.
Inappropriate use of antibiotics (15%):
Most women are due to the abuse of antibiotics or long-term use of antibiotics or lotions, which may break the balance between bacteria, but make women susceptible to vulvitis.
Body resistance decreased (10%):
When it encounters a suitable environment, it will multiply and cause fungal vaginitis and vulvitis. For example, oral corticosteroids can reduce the body's immunity or change glucose metabolism.
Vulvar injury (15%):
One side of the couple carries Candida albicans, which can also be passed on to each other through sex life. Vulvar injury can promote Candida vulva and vaginitis.
Prevention
Fungal vulvitis prevention
Normal human body is the carrier of Candida. Candida is a symbiotic bacteria of the human body. It can only cause disease under certain conditions. Therefore, as long as the pathogenic conditions that may cause fungal vaginitis are eliminated, the prevention purpose can be achieved.
1. Exercise, balance diet, but eat foods with high sugar content.
2. Develop good hygiene habits: Wash hands before going to the toilet; do not abuse unclean toilet paper; wipe from the front to the back when wiping the vulva after defecation; clean the vulva daily, change the underwear and put it in a ventilated place to dry; own basin With the towel itself, the underwear and socks are cleaned in different basins.
3. Reasonable dressing: Do not wear chemical fiber underwear, do not borrow other underwear, underwear and swimwear.
4. Try to avoid sitting toilets when using public toilets; promote showers, do not wash basins; do not sit directly in the bathroom seat after bath; do not swim in the sanitized pool.
5. Don't pay too much attention to hygiene: Some patients said that they pay great attention to hygiene. They need to clean the vulva 2-3 times a day. They also use a irrigator or hand to clean the vagina. In fact, this practice is wrong because the internal environment of the vagina is It is weakly acidic, and there are many flora coexisting. The mutual restriction between the bacteria can inhibit the excessive growth of certain bacteria and cause disease. This is a natural defense system of the human body. Cleaning the vagina will undoubtedly weaken the vaginal acid environment and bacteria. The interrelationship between the genus is destroyed, and the disease resistance of the vaginal epithelium is reduced, causing vaginitis caused by Candida or other bacteria.
6. Do not abuse antibiotics: Long-term application of large amounts of antibiotics will destroy the restrictive relationship between vaginal bacteria, causing Candida to lose too much growth and cause disease.
7. Active treatment of diabetes: Diabetes patients can usually use the soda water to clean the vulva, increase the pH of the vagina, and inhibit the growth of mold.
8. If women with drug contraception repeatedly develop fungal vaginitis, they should stop using contraceptives and switch to other methods for contraception.
Complication
Fungal vulvitis complications Complications urethritis vaginitis cervicitis
Fungal vulvitis is easy with urethritis, vaginitis, cervicitis, epidermitis, etc., epidermitis can occur very shallow blisters, appear in groups, can also form eczema-like erosion, confined to the vulva or to the surrounding to the perineum, Around the anus and femoral folds, until the inside of the thigh, the appearance is completely similar to acute or subacute eczema, the mucosa between the labia and the clitoris thickens, the surface of the skin that touches each other is flushed, and some can cause tiny white pustules, which occur in severe cases. Ulcer, pain in the affected area, inflammation of the local lymph nodes.
Symptom
Symptoms of vulvar vulvitis Common symptoms Itching inflammation papular pain
The clinical symptoms of fungal vulvitis are itching, burning sensation and urinary pain (combined urethritis). Many women complain of pain in sexual intercourse, often redness around the vulva, edema, and changes in the epidermis: very shallow blisters can occur. In groups, it can also form eczema-like erosion, confined to the vulva or spread to the perineum, around the anus and femoral folds, until the inside of the thigh, the appearance is completely similar to acute or subacute eczema, mucosa thickening between the labia and near the clitoris The surface of the skin that is in contact with each other is flushed and smashed; individual can cause tiny white pustules, ulcers occur in severe cases, pain in the affected area, and inflammation of the local lymph nodes.
Examine
Examination of fungal vulvitis
Fungal vulvitis can be clearly diagnosed by gynecological examination and direct smear examination and culture of local secretions. It is easy to see the mycelial branches and spores of the mold under the microscope. Candida albicans is oval, Gram stain negative, but the staining is often uneven, about 3 ~ 5m (a few times larger than Staphylococcus), often produce long buds without falling off (scells), resulting in pseudohyphae. Diagnosis can also be derived in conjunction with clinical presentation, medical history, and related examinations.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of fungal vulvitis
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on symptoms and related tests.
Differential diagnosis
Often need to be identified with the following two vaginitis:
Trichomonas vaginitis: about 25% of symptoms are asymptomatic after infection, symptomatic manifestations of increased leucorrhea, foamy, odorous purulent green secretions, 75% of patients have vaginal erythema, 90% of patients in the vaginal voyeur The mirror can be seen in the "strawberry-like" cervix caused by capillary hemorrhage or punctiform hemorrhage. The vulva has a burning sensation and itching, like a worm crawling, and can cause pain in sexual intercourse.
Bacterial vaginitis: Most patients with this disease are women of childbearing age. The onset is slow and the symptoms are not obvious. The main manifestation is increased vaginal discharge. Check the vaginal secretion: (1) The pH value is higher than normal, reaching 5.0-5.5. (2) The leucorrhea is gray or gray-green, homogeneous, such as batter-like consistency, and can have many bubbles. (3) There is a bad smell of rotten fish. The bad smell of women after menstruation or after sexual intercourse can also give off the same bad smell on the genitals of sexual partners. (4) A small number of people infected with trichomoniasis or Candida may have genital itching, vaginal burning or painful intercourse.
