Cerebellar atrophy
Introduction
Introduction to cerebellar atrophy Cerebellar atrophy, also known as spinal cerebellar atrophy, Spinocerebellar Ataxia, abbreviated as SCA, is a family-dominant genetic neurological disease. As long as one of the parents has a disease for this disease, their children will have a 50% chance of infecting the disease. After the onset of this type of patient, the walking movement is swaying like a penguin, so it is called the penguin family. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 2-5% (higher incidence rate in the elderly, about 2-5%) Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dementia
Cause
Cerebellar atrophy etiology
Genetic factors (85%):
The etiology of this disease is unknown, but most of them have a family genetic predisposition. Most of the patients who started from the age of 20 were autosomal recessive, while those who started after the age of 20 were mostly autosomal dominant. After long-term research, many scholars at home and abroad have located the Friedreich ataxia-deficient gene at 9q13~q21, and the OPCA genetic gene at 6p24~p23. At the same time, it was found to be related to many factors such as viral infection, immunodeficiency, lack of biochemical enzymes and abnormal DNA repair function, but the exact cause is not fully understood.
pathology:
In terms of pathology, its performance is diverse. Commonly, there are atrophy and degeneration of nerve cells, loss of myelin sheath, mild hyperplasia of glial cells, and extensive degeneration of the cerebellar hemisphere and ankle, cerebellum and lower abundance, Purkinje cells. Disappeared; nerve cells in the posterior column of the spinal cord and Clark column atrophy or disappear, secondary glial cell hyperplasia, posterior root and spinal ganglion degeneration, myelin loss, especially in the lumbar and temporal spinal cord. Degeneration of the brain stem part of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and basal ganglia of the pons can also be seen.
Prevention
Cerebellar atrophy prevention
1. Rehabilitation spirit, pure heart and soul: keep happy and optimistic mood, avoid excessive mental stress, over-consideration, should be clear-minded, ignorant, empty, quiet, self-sustaining, open-minded, open-minded, not careless, not Too much greed and maintain a quiet and peaceful attitude, especially for middle-aged and older people.
2. Drug conditioning, delaying aging: For those over 50 years old, especially those with a family history of brain atrophy, it is necessary to choose to use traditional Chinese medicine to delay aging at the age of 50 to improve the condition of brain cell aging. .
3. Identify the cause and prevent the disease: For those with more obvious causes, prevent the cause and eliminate the disease factors as soon as possible. Such as actively preventing cerebrovascular disease, preventing or delaying the occurrence of cerebral arteriosclerosis as much as possible; the infectious diseases of the brain should be prevented from occurring, and it should be treated early for those who have already occurred; avoid excessive use of brain tissue for too long. Drugs; early removal of intracranial tumors; prevention of alcohol abuse and excessive drinking, etc., effectively prevent the occurrence of reversible brain atrophy. For brain tissue damage caused by trauma, it should be treated promptly and effectively.
4. Balanced nutrition, less sputum: adjust diet, diet should be light and rich in nutrition, eat less fat and nourishment products, mainly high protein and high vitamin diet, eat more vegetables and fruits and iodine-containing food, pay attention to Balanced nutrition, ban alcohol and quit smoking, and develop good eating habits.
Complication
Cerebellar atrophy complications Complications dementia
1. Intelligent decline, dementia: manifested as a comprehensive decline in understanding and judgment ability until the end completely disappeared.
2. Memory barriers: I often forget things today and I often lose things. As the condition worsens, the gradual memory will be lost.
3. Illusion delusions: on the basis of hallucinations, delusions, mutual compliance, mutual influence: the appropriate amount of antipsychotic drugs, the required dose should be combined with the severity of the symptoms and discretion.
4. Changes in personality behavior: personality will become prone to excitement, irritability, easy to have explosive emotions, can hurt people, self-injury, destruction, and even self-sufficiency: first, try to avoid certain irritating factors, if necessary Apply drugs to control their excessive emotions and actions.
Symptom
Cerebellar atrophy symptoms common symptoms balance dysfunction dysphagia exercise disorder body shake stagnation slow response
Initial symptoms
1 walking is like drunkenness (dizziness).
2 The action response is less flexible, the fluency of the action is lost, and the lifting of the object is difficult.
3 Up and down stairs and legs are not coordinated, muscles are stiff, and it is impossible to accurately perform certain specific actions, such as running, climbing, playing, etc.
4 When standing still, the body will shake back and forth, and it will easily splash when it is at the end of the water. It is easy to hit the wall or the door frame while walking.
5 eyeball rotation has obstacles, unable to quickly transfer the target.
6 distinguish distance ability, such as not playing table tennis.
Mid-term performance symptoms
1 The four limbs and muscles are uncoordinated, and the movement disorder is obvious.
2 can not control the posture and pace, like a penguin walking; swaying, legs or scissors, can not maintain balance, can not walk long distances, can not run, difficult to get up and down stairs, the body can not flexibly adjust when walking. Therefore, it is easy to wrestle.
3 The tongue is knotted, the speech is unclear, the writing is difficult, and it is easy to be licked when eating or drinking.
Late phenomenon
1 The speech is extremely unclear, the tone cannot be controlled, or even the speech cannot be recognized, the writing is unrecognizable, and the swallowing is difficult.
2 can not stand, can not even sit up, need to rely on a wheelchair to travel, or bed in bed, life can not take care of themselves.
3 If the brain or peripheral nerves are affected, the patient's intelligence will be affected.
Examine
Cerebellar atrophy
1. Can be used for the detection of SCA1 to SCA12 and provide pre-symptomatic examination.
2. Nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI): According to the different attenuation of the released energy in different structural environments inside the material, the position and type of the nucleus constituting the object can be known by detecting the emitted electromagnetic wave by applying a gradient magnetic field. This can be drawn as a structural image inside the object.
One of the methods for the diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to scan the brain and to see cerebellar atrophy in the course of the lesion. The most accurate diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy is DNA analysis, which can distinguish the different types of the disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of cerebellar atrophy
Cerebellar atrophy is easily misdiagnosed as other neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
One of the methods for the diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy is to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to scan the brain and to see cerebellar atrophy in the course of the lesion.
The most accurate diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy is DNA analysis, which can distinguish the different types of the disease.
Not all types of spinal cerebellar atrophy are inherited, so patients' children can undergo DNA testing to find out if they are at risk.
This disease is related to the olive pons cerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and SCA types 1, 2, and 7 are also OPCA. However, not all OPPAs belong to spinal cerebellar atrophy, and vice versa.
