Brain Injury
Introduction
Introduction to craniocerebral injury Headinjury refers to the damage caused by violence on the skull. Including head soft tissue injury, skull fracture and brain injury. Among them, the consequences of brain injury are serious, and should be especially vigilant. The skull base fracture often causes cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or ear leak should be regarded as open craniocerebral injury, which is easy to retrograde infection. Therefore, the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage is not blocked, anti-inflammatory, self-healing, a few The healer can be surgically repaired. Primary brain injury is mainly the damage of nerve tissue and cerebral blood vessels, which is characterized by the breakage and efferent dysfunction of nerve fibers, different types of nerve cell dysfunction and even cell death. Secondary brain injury includes cerebral ischemia, cerebral hematoma, brain swelling, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, etc. These pathophysiological changes are caused by primary injury, which in turn can aggravate primary brain injury. Pathological changes. Most patients with mild, medium and severe craniocerebral injury are mainly treated with non-surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes intracranial pressure monitoring, hypothermia therapy, dehydration therapy, nutritional support therapy, respiratory treatment, cerebral vasospasm prevention, treatment of common complications, water and electrolyte and acid-base balance disorder treatment, antibacterial therapy, cranial nerve Protect drugs and so on. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.001% - 0.002%, more common in car accidents Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious complication:
Cause
Causes of brain injury
Craniocerebral injury begins with the mechanical distortion of the skull, meninges, cerebrovascular and brain tissue caused by external forces acting on the head. The type of damage depends on where and how severe the mechanical deformation occurs. Primary brain injury is mainly the damage of nerve tissue and cerebral blood vessels, which is characterized by the breakage and efferent dysfunction of nerve fibers, different types of nerve cell dysfunction and even cell death. Secondary brain injury includes cerebral ischemia, cerebral hematoma, brain swelling, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, etc. These pathophysiological changes are caused by primary injury, which in turn can aggravate primary brain injury. Pathological changes.
Prevention
Brain injury prevention
Doctors and relatives should not show fear after trauma, and avoid post-traumatic stress disorder in patients. Patients with mild traumatic brain injury should not stay in the hospital for too long and do too much examination, because it is easy for the patient to feel the serious injury and promote the occurrence of post-traumatic syndrome.
Complication
Traumatic brain injury complications Complication
Consciousness disorder, post-concussion syndrome.
Symptom
Symptoms of craniocerebral injury Common symptoms Coma carotid pulsation weakened or disappeared Blood pressure decreased Respiratory shock White matter demyelination Facial lightning pain Cranial nerve damage Head sounds and pulse disappeared after craniocerebral injury
1, light
(1) coma after injury for O ~ 30 minutes;
(2) There are symptoms such as mild headache and dizziness;
(3) There was no significant change in the nervous system and CSF examination. It mainly includes simple concussion, with or without skull fracture.
2, medium
(1) Within 12 hours of coma after injury;
(2) There are mild signs of nervous system positive;
(3) There is a slight change in body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse. Mainly including mild brain contusion, with or without skull fracture and subarachnoid hemorrhage, no brain compression.
3, heavy
(1) After more than 12 hours of coma after injury, the disturbance of consciousness gradually increases or becomes coma again;
(2) There are obvious signs of positive nervous system;
(3) Body temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and pulse have changed significantly. Mainly include extensive skull fractures, extensive brain contusion and laceration or brain stem injury or intracranial hematoma.
4, extra heavy
(1) The primary brain damage is heavy, and the coma is deep after the injury. There are organs that are stiff or accompanied by other parts of the organ injury, shock, etc.;
(2) There are advanced cerebral palsy, including bilateral pupil dilation, severe vital signs or breathing has stopped.
Examine
Examination of craniocerebral injury
Blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram, brain CT examination, cranial plain film and other examinations.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of brain injury
Ask about the medical history and make relevant examinations to clarify the nature and type of headache. It is not advisable to diagnose the sequela of brain trauma without analysis.
