Sphenoid sinusitis
Introduction
Introduction to sphenoid sin The gas-filled cavity of the skull around the nasal cavity; there are 4 pairs on the left and right sides: the frontal sinus, the maxillary sinus, the ethmoid sinus, and the sphenoid sinus. Because of its anatomical features, each sinus can be diseased alone, and polysphenoid sinusitis can also be formed. The disease is generally divided into acute and chronic 2, for many reasons and more complicated. Acute sphenoid sinusitis is caused by acute rhinitis. Chronic sphenoid sinusitis is often caused by acute sphenoid sinusitis that is not completely cured or recurrent. It is currently believed that the cause of sphenoid sinusitis is mainly due to the sinus occlusion caused by various causes of infection in the sphenoid sinus. Among them, nasal polyps are an important cause of obstruction of the sphenoid sinus, and the inflammatory stimulation of the sphenoid sinus in turn promotes The growth of nasal polyps. In addition, when swimming, sewage enters the sphenoid sinus, adjacent organs spread and spread, nasal tumors hinder sphenoid sinus drainage, and trauma can cause sphenoid sinusitis. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sinusitis, acute suppurative sinusitis, chronic suppurative sinusitis
Cause
Etiology of sphenoid sinusitis
Nasal disease (30%):
Such as nasal septum deviation, middle turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, nasal foreign body or nasal tumors, can also cause sphenoid sinusitis. Adjacent lesions such as tonsillitis or adenoid hypertrophy, the second maxillary canine and the roots of the first and second molars, injury to the maxillary sinus wall or the fall of the molar roots into the maxillary sinus can also lead to sinusitis.
Bacterial factors (25%):
Acute infectious diseases are often associated with acute upper respiratory tract infections in the early stage. Due to the decreased body resistance, the internal and external viruses and bacteria in the upper respiratory tract are invaded into the sinus cavity and acute sphenoid sinusitis occurs.
Systemic disease (20%):
For systemic chronic diseases, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, endocrine disorders, excessive research or human fatigue, cold, cold, drowning and other incentives, the body's resistance is weakened, can induce sphenoid sinusitis.
Swimming (10%):
When swimming, sewage enters the sphenoid sinus, and adjacent organs spread.
Trauma (5%):
Trauma can cause sphenoid sinusitis.
Prevention
Sphenoid sinusitis prevention
1. Strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and prevent colds.
2. Active rhinitis and toothache should be actively treated.
3. Timely and thorough treatment of acute inflammation of the nasal cavity and correction of nasal deformity, treatment of chronic rhinitis.
Complication
Sphenoid sinusitis complications Complications Sinusitis Acute suppurative sinusitis Chronic suppurative sinusitis
Because the sinus mucosa is connected with the nasal mucosa, each sinus has a sinus ostium that communicates with the nasal cavity, which is warm and moist, suitable for mold growth. When the body's immune system is inhibited and its function is reduced, the mold is easily invaded and rapidly grows on the machine, which forms fungal sinusitis.
Symptom
Symptoms of sphenoid sinus common symptoms, runny nose, insomnia, forgetfulness, dizziness
Disease symptoms
An important symptom of sphenoid sinusitis is blunt pain in the head or occipital area, or reflection into the forehead, ankle, or even the ear papilla. There are not many snots, because they all flow out from the posterior nostrils, and patients often feel convulsions behind the nose and convulsions and coughs. Sphenoid sinusitis often has limited pain after the ball, as well as insomnia, forgetfulness, mental euphemism, dizziness and other symptoms. The sphenoid sinus is adjacent to the olfactory area, which causes the sense of smell to decrease. The lesions of the sphenoid sinusitis are mostly in the posterior part of the nose. It is difficult to distinguish with ethmoid sinusitis. Only x-ray films can be clearly diagnosed and the size and shape of the sphenoid sinus can be seen. The acute phase is mainly anti-inflammatory. Chronic patients can be partially removed for turbinate to improve drainage. If there is no improvement, sphenoid sinus irrigation or sphenoid sinus enlargement can be performed.
Multiple groups
Patients with diseases (self suffering from nasal diseases), swimming enthusiasts, specific occupations (traffic police, teachers, etc.), others.
Examine
Sphenoid sinus examination
Examination: The traditional examination method is to extend the nasal prosthesis into the nasal cavity after the anesthesia on the surface of the nasal cavity, and push the middle turbinate outward. Sometimes there is purulent secretion in the sphenoid sinus, and the olfactory fissure also has pus. Congestive, the mucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall is thickened and thickened, and there is pus at the posterior nostril. However, due to poor illumination, it is difficult to observe. Fiberoptic light nasal endoscopy can be seen in the upper nasal passages and stencil crypts mucosal edema, polypoid changes, and purulent secretions, there may be polyps obstruction at the sphenoid sinus, mucosal congestion and purulent secretions after contraction . Because this method has high visibility, the lesion is not difficult to find.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of sphenoid sinusitis
diagnosis
1. X-ray nasal position can be seen in the ethmoid sinus shadow blur and lesion range.
2. CT coronal scan showed thickening of ethmoid sinus mucosa and bone destruction at the top of the sieve. Axial scanning showed the extent of the lesion and the presence or absence of defect or bone destruction.
3. Test puncture first use 1% of the adrenal gland 1% of the cardine cotton film to shrink the middle nasal passage, parallel mucosal surface anesthesia, then use a 5th long needle to pierce the sieve, inject a small amount of sterile saline, extract, check Whether it is turbid or not, it can also be used for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. This method is difficult and dangerous and must be operated by an experienced physician.
Differential diagnosis
It is differentiated from chronic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic frontal sinusitis, and chronic ethmoid sinusitis.
