Electrolyte disturbance
Introduction
Introduction to electrolyte imbalance The cations in plasma are Na, K, Ca, and Mg, and the highest content of Na, which accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of cations, plays a decisive role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, distribution and transfer of body fluid. Although other cations are small, they have special physiological functions; the main anion of extracellular fluid is mainly composed of Cl and HCO3, in addition to maintaining the tension of body fluids, it plays an important role in maintaining acid-base balance. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible population: patients with severe liver disease Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hypotension, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, coma
Cause
Electrolyte disorder
Causes of electrolyte imbalance in serum sodium:
The normal value is 135 to 145 millilitres per liter. Severe liver disease often has sodium retention in the body, but serum sodium is measured to decrease. This hyponatremia has a certain relationship with the liver's incompensability. The degree of hyponatremia is related to the prognosis. If the serum sodium is lower than 130 micro-Mil/liter, the prognosis is often poor; Muir / riser treatment is often not effective. In patients with fulminant hepatitis, persistent hyponatremia is often a manifestation of cell death, indicating that the patient's condition is sinister.
Causes of electrolyte potassium disorder in electrolytes:
The normal value is 3.5-5.5 mmol/L. The body potassium reserve of patients with severe liver disease is significantly reduced. The more severe the lesion, the more obvious the decrease, and the clinical manifestation is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a serious threat to patients with severe liver disease and can be an important cause of death. In addition to symptoms such as severe arrhythmia, muscle spasm and paralysis, hypokalemia can also induce hepatic encephalopathy and renal dysfunction. The main causes of hypokalemia are: 1. Insufficient total calorie intake; 2. Long-term loss of appetite; 3. Liver disease ascites, often accompanied by increased aldosterone, combined with the use of diuretics, exacerbated potassium excretion, The application of hypertonic sugar solution should also strengthen diuretic and discharge potassium.
Causes of electrolyte imbalance in serum chlorine:
The normal value is 100-107 mmol/L. In severe cases of liver disease, low blood chlorine occurs in many cases. Low blood chlorine can cause alkalosis and induce hepatic encephalopathy, which should be taken seriously in the treatment of severe liver disease.
Prevention
Electrolyte disorder prevention
Drink plenty of water every day to avoid dehydration. In addition, maintaining a balanced diet is also very helpful in preventing electrolyte imbalances.
The treatments taken are usually based on cause and severity. Eating foods that contain potassium and calcium can help treat this imbalance. In severe cases, intravenous fluids are also required to return the electrolyte to normal levels.
Complication
Electrolyte disorder complications Complications, hypotension, dizziness, consciousness, coma
Dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, coma, slow heart rate, secondary epilepsy, palpitations, hypotension, uncoordinated limb movements.
Symptom
Symptoms of Electrolyte Disorders Common Symptoms Irritability, Coma, Cramps, Hypotension, Nausea, Secondary Epilepsy, Abdominal Sag, Sacral Abdominal Wound, Exudation, Fecal Samples, Fury
Some common symptoms: fatigue, muscle cramps, weakness, irritability, nausea, dizziness, confusion, fainting, irritability, vomiting, dry mouth. Less urinary is one of the most common symptoms of electrolyte imbalance. The patient may have no awareness of urinating for more than 7-8 hours. In addition, the following are symptoms that can be observed with severe electrolyte imbalance: coma, slow heart rate, seizures, palpitations, hypotension, and lack of coordination of limbs.
Examine
Electrolyte disorder check
Blood biochemical examination, some electrolyte disorders can have ECG changes. Blood biochemistry is a lot of projects, which is a complete set of projects that biochemical room can do. Generally include blood sugar, blood lipid, liver function, kidney function (urea, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, creatinine, uric acid, uric acid, microalbumin), ion amylase, myocardial enzyme, etc. It is best to search by bar, but the main thing is to diagnose the main system of the body, such as liver function is to check the digestive system of the liver and gallbladder, can prompt this disease, kidney function is an indicator of the kidney and urinary system.
Myocardial enzymes are examined for cardiac function systems. Ions are looking at potassium, sodium, and calcium in the blood. Many blood routines include 20, but the main item is four: white blood cell erythrocyte platelet hemoglobin. Other projects are around the four auxiliary projects. That is to say, the main four normal items are basically no problem. The blood routine is a test for diagnosing blood diseases or whether the body has anemia or blood clotting problems.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of electrolyte imbalance
Diagnosis based on some common symptoms:
1, fatigue, muscle cramps, muscle spasm, weakness, irritability, nausea, dizziness, confusion, fainting, irritability, vomiting, dry mouth.
2, oliguria is one of the most common symptoms of electrolyte imbalance. The patient may have no awareness of urinating for more than 7-8 hours.
3. In addition, the following are symptoms that can be observed with severe electrolyte imbalance:
4, coma, slow heart rate, seizures, palpitations, hypotension, lack of coordination of limbs.
