chronic periodontitis
Introduction
Introduction to chronic periodontitis Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that invades the gums and periodontal tissues. It is a devastating disease. Its main features are the formation of periodontal pockets and inflammation of the wall of the bag, the absorption of alveolar bone and the loosening of teeth. It is the cause of adults. The main cause of tooth loss. The disease is caused by plaque, tartar, food impaction, bad prosthesis, bite trauma, etc., the gums are inflamed and swollen, and the plaque accumulation is aggravated, and the plaque is extended to the underarm. Due to the characteristics of the underlying micro-ecological environment, a large number of highly toxic periodontal pathogens, such as gingival bacillus, intermediate bacillus, spirochetes, etc., are caused in the underarm plaque, which causes the inflammation of the gums to be aggravated and extended, resulting in Periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone resorption, causing periodontitis. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: periodontal abscess, pulpitis, bad breath
Cause
Causes of chronic periodontitis
Bacterial infection (30%):
Bacteria are the initiating factors that cause periodontitis. The plaque microbes and their products accumulated in the tooth surface and the gingival sulcus at the junction of the teeth and the gums cause inflammation and swelling of the gums, making the local micro-ecological environment more conducive to the growth of some periodontal pathogens, from the upper gingival to the subgingival Delay. The range of inflammation caused by them extends to deep tissues, leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Any factors that can aggravate plaque retention, such as calculus, poor prosthesis, food impaction (plug), irregular teeth arrangement, abnormal anatomical morphology, etc., can be local promotion factors for periodontitis, aggravating and accelerating teeth The progress of Zhou Yan.Nutritional diet (20%):
Lack of nutrients due to partial eclipse, disease (such as cachexia) or other causes can cause a lack of protein and vitamins A, C, and D (these elements are essential for bone synthesis and enhance human immunity). Thereby causing or aggravating periodontal disease.Smoking habits (15%):
Smoking has an effect on the whole body bone, which can aggravate the absorption of bones. The absorption of alveolar bone is a pathological process of periodontal disease.
Other factors (15%):
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, and certain systemic diseases such as diabetes can also have a negative impact on periodontitis. In addition, certain environmental factors such as mental stress may be a risk factor. In recent years, it has been found that the genetic background may also be associated with chronic periodontitis.Prevention
Chronic periodontitis prevention
1. Develop a habit of practicing
It is very important to have a good habit, especially to remember to brush your teeth before going to bed and to gargle after a meal.
2, regular oral examination
Regularly go to the hospital for an oral examination, if necessary, to wash your teeth, which can prevent the occurrence of periodontitis.
3, can not destroy the tooth tissue
Can not be able to destroy the organization of the teeth, eat less hard shells, and do not use hard objects to pick teeth.
The above points are about the prevention of periodontitis. I hope that I can help everyone, but I should find a suitable method according to my own physique. Dont blindly treat it, or it will cause harm to myself. If you need surgery, you must choose a regular hospital. To ensure the effect and safety after surgery.
Complication
Chronic periodontitis complications Complications periodontal abscess pulpitis bad breath
In addition to the above characteristics, patients with chronic periodontitis often have other associated symptoms in the advanced stage, such as:
1. Food caulking due to loose teeth, displacement and gingival recession.
2. Secondary occlusal trauma due to reduced periodontal support tissue.
3. The gingival retraction exposes the root of the tooth, is sensitive to temperature, and is prone to root caries, which also affects the appearance of the anterior teeth.
4. Acute periodontal abscess can occur when the pus drainage in the deep periodontal pocket is poor, or when the body's resistance is reduced.
5. When the deep periodontal pocket is close to the root tip, it can cause retrograde pulpitis.
6. Periodontal pocket overflows and food caulking in the interdental space can cause bad breath.
For mild to moderate chronic periodontitis, inflammation is controlled through good oral hygiene measures and removal of local plaque retention, and the prognosis is usually better. For patients with severe chronic periodontitis, if the patient's compliance is poor, and there is a bifurcation lesion, and the clinical looseness continues to increase, the prognosis is poor. Localized invasive periodontitis, if diagnosed early, can be guided by oral hygiene, active periodontal treatment and local and systemic antibiotics, and appropriate guided tissue regeneration surgery to obtain a good prognosis. Extensive invasive periodontitis manifests as loss of attachment of the entire mouth and alveolar bone resorption. Although comprehensive treatment, some patients still have poor prognosis. Factors affecting prognosis include the severity of periodontal disease, systemic status and age of the patient, smoking, compliance, genetic factors, and local anatomical factors.
Symptom
Chronic periodontitis symptoms Common symptoms Gingival bleeding Teeth neuralgia Periodontal pocket formation tooth shift 1. Early self-conscious symptoms are not obvious: patients often have only genital bleeding or bad breath, similar to sputum inflammation. At the time of examination, the swelling of the gingival margin, licking nipple and attached sputum, the softness of the sputum, the dark red or the dark red color, the bleeding is easy to detect. 2. With the further spread of inflammation, the following symptoms occur: (1) Periodontal pocket formation: due to the expansion of inflammation, the periodontal ligament is destroyed, the alveolar bone is gradually absorbed, the gums are separated from the root, and the sulcus is deepened to form a tooth. Week bag. The depth of the periodontal pocket can be measured with a probe. X-ray examination revealed that the alveolar bone has different degrees of absorption. (2) Periodontal empyema: There are ulcers and inflammatory granulation tissue in the periodontal pocket wall, and there are purulent secretions in the bag, so the gums can be lightly pressed and the pus can be seen. And often have bad breath. (3) Loose teeth: Due to the destruction of periodontal tissues, especially when the alveolar bone is absorbed, the supporting teeth are insufficient, and the teeth are loose and displaced.
Examine
Chronic periodontitis examination
Perform the necessary tests according to your clinical needs.
1. Blood routine examination: The mass concentration of interleukin-4 (IL-4) is increased, and the number of white blood cells exceeds the normal value, indicating an inflammatory reaction.
2. X-ray film examination: mainly shows the bone condition of the teeth in the near and far, and the alveolar bone on the buccal and lingual side is unclear due to overlapping with the teeth. On standard apical slices, alveolar bone resorption is considered when the distance from the alveolar crest to the enamel bone boundary exceeds 2 mm. X-ray film is important for the diagnosis and evaluation of periodontitis. However, it should be combined with clinical examination, comprehensive analysis and judgment, and it is not possible to make a diagnosis or treatment plan by X-ray film alone.
3. Excretion and tissue culture + drug sensitivity and other inspection methods.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of chronic periodontitis
1. Mostly adults, but also children or adolescents.
2. There are obvious plaque, calculus and local irritative factors, and it is consistent with the degree of inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues.
3. The prevalence and condition increase with age, the condition usually progresses slowly and aggravates, and there may be a period of rapid progress.
4. General health, there may be some risk factors such as smoking, mental stress, osteoporosis and so on.
