viral upper respiratory tract infection
Introduction
Introduction to viral upper respiratory infection Viral upper respiratory tract infection (acuteupper Respiratoing infection) is a common and frequently-occurring disease in childhood, which can occur all year round, and can occur several times per person per year. Pathogens mainly invade the nose, pharynx, tonsils and throat and cause inflammation. If the inflammation is limited to a certain part, it is named according to the inflammation of the part, such as acute rhinitis, acute tonsillitis, etc., otherwise it is collectively referred to as viral upper respiratory tract infection. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 3% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: otitis media, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis
Cause
Causes of viral upper respiratory tract infection
The disease is an acute upper respiratory infection caused by a variety of viruses, including the common cold. Adults can occur 1-3 times a year. The virus includes rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc., which can invade different parts of the upper respiratory tract and cause inflammation. The upper respiratory tract infection often causes bacterial infection, causing the disease to worsen.
Virus (35%):
It accounts for about 90% of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Common viruses include: 1 viscovirus including influenza virus (type A and type B), parainfluenza virus (types 1, 2, 3, and 4), respiratory syncytial virus, etc.; Adenovirus: There are currently more than 30 serotypes that can cause upper respiratory tract infections; 3 picornaviruses; including Coxsackie virus A, B, ECHO and rhinovirus.
Bacteria (35%):
Bacterial infections are mostly secondary, because viral infections impair the local defense function of the upper respiratory tract, causing the upper respiratory tract to invade. A small number of primary infections, common cells are beta-type A hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus and Haemophilus influenzae. It can also be a mixed infection of viruses and bacteria.
Prevention
Viral upper respiratory infection prevention
There are no special antiviral drugs for upper respiratory virus infection, which are mainly symptomatic treatment, rest, avoiding tobacco, drinking more water, maintaining indoor air circulation, and preventing secondary bacterial infection. Adhering to regular physical activities suitable for individuals, enhancing physical fitness, moderate work and rest, and regular life are the best ways to prevent upper respiratory tract infections.
At the same time, attention should be paid to the isolation of patients with respiratory tract to prevent cross-infection. In the morning, use salt water to rinse your baby, use a small aluminum pot to hold some vinegar, then put the red pebbles in the basin, walk around the room, kill the virus in the room, and order aroma. The lamp only has no sesame oil and vinegar.
Complication
Viral upper respiratory tract infection complications Complications otitis media myocarditis glomerulonephritis
Can be complicated by acute sinusitis, otitis media, tracheal-bronchitis. Some patients may be secondary to rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis and so on.
Symptom
Symptoms of viral upper respiratory tract infections Common symptoms Fever with cough, slightly... Sore throat, soreness, numbness, hoarseness, sneezing, fatigue
There are two manifestations of viral upper respiratory tract infections:
First, the common cold type, the main disease season is mostly in the late summer and early autumn, sustainable to the next spring. Symptoms are pharyngeal discomfort or sore throat, followed by hooliganism, nasal blockage, sneezing, coughing, sore limbs, fatigue, headache; sometimes accompanied by varying degrees of fever. White blood cell counts are mostly reduced or normal. The disease can be self-healing in 3-7 days, but it can last for more than a few weeks.
The second is pharyngitis type upper respiratory tract infection, the main symptoms are sore throat, and there are runny nose, nasal blockage, headache, cough and general malaise. Pharyngeal redness, tonsil lymphatic proliferation, there may be a little exudate, mandibular lymph nodes often have swelling and tenderness. White blood cell counts are low or normal. The course of disease is more than 3-7 days. Upper respiratory tract infection has a short incubation period, and the onset is urgent. It often causes pharyngeal discomfort, dry or sore throat as early symptoms, followed by sneezing, nasal congestion, and salivation. If the disease develops downward, it can cause hoarseness, cough, chest pain and so on. The body temperature rises, but rarely exceeds 39 ° C, and retreats after about 3-4 days. In addition, there are symptoms such as body aches, fatigue, headache, and poor appetite.
Examine
Examination of viral upper respiratory tract infection
Laboratory inspection
First, blood: viral infection see white blood cell count is normal or low, the proportion of lymphocytes increased. Bacterial infections have white blood cell counts and neutrophil enlargement and nuclear left shift.
Second, the determination of viral and viral antigens: immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serological diagnostics and virus isolation and identification can be used as needed to determine the type of virus and distinguish between viral and bacterial infections. Bacterial culture determines the type of bacteria and drug susceptibility test.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of viral upper respiratory tract infection
According to the history, prevalence, symptoms and signs of nasopharynx inflammation, combined with peripheral blood and chest X-ray examination can make a clinical diagnosis. Bacterial culture and virus isolation, or virus serology, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination inhibition test, etc., can determine the cause of diagnosis.
