pharyngitis
Introduction
Introduction to pharyngitis Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, submucosal tissue, often part of the upper respiratory tract infection. According to the length of the disease course and the nature of pathological changes, it is divided into two categories: acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis. Among them, chronic pharyngitis is a chronic inflammation with slow development of the disease, often coexisting with adjacent organs or systemic diseases, such as sinusitis, adenoid residual or residual abscess, pharyngitis. Acute pharyngitis is the pharyngeal mucosa and affects acute inflammation of the submucosal and lymphoid tissues, often secondary to acute rhinitis or acute tonsils or as part of an upper respiratory tract infection. The main symptoms of acute pharyngitis are acute onset. At the beginning, the throat is dry, burning, and then pain. When swallowing saliva, the sore throat is often more obvious than when eating. It can be accompanied by fever, headache, loss of appetite and sore limbs. The throat can be accompanied by hoarseness and cough. The main symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are pharyngeal discomfort, dryness, itching, swelling, secretions and burning, easy to dry, foreign body sensation, and can not be swallowed. These symptoms are especially aggravated when you speak a little more, eat irritating food, fatigue or weather changes. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: acute laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, sepsis, chronic laryngitis, cold, pharyngitis
Cause
Causes of pharyngitis
Climate, seasonal factors (15%):
Cold can cause pharyngeal mucosal vasoconstriction, phagocytic cell number is reduced, local resistance is reduced, dryness can affect pharyngeal mucus secretion and ciliary peristalsis, reduce air cleaning and humidification, directly cause irritation and damage to pharyngeal mucosa, winter In the spring season, climate change is large, and indoor air circulation is poor, which is also likely to cause a decline in resistance and invasion of pathogenic microorganisms.
Adjacent organ disease (20%):
Acute and chronic inflammation of adjacent organs such as the nasal cavity, sinus, mouth, teeth, gums, larynx, trachea, bronchus, etc., invading the pharynx along the mucosa, submucosal tissue, local lymphatic and blood circulation, or inflammatory secretions repeatedly stimulating the pharynx Department, or nasal breathing is blocked and forced to breathe, etc., can cause pharyngitis.
Systemic disease (20%):
Allergies or systemic diseases such as rheumatic fever, gout, diabetes, heart disease, anemia, nephritis, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cirrhosis and malnutrition caused by digestive diseases, constipation, etc. Can cause systemic resistance to decline, pharyngeal blood circulation disorders, and then cause pharyngitis.
Pathogenic microorganisms (10%):
Including bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, rickettsia, etc., is the main cause of acute pharyngitis, can be directly from the air, diet, but also indirectly from the blood circulation and lymphatic circulation.
Physical or chemical stimulation (15%):
If you talk too much, like spicy food, hot diet, excessive alcohol and tobacco, chemical gas, dust and other air pollution, can damage the pharyngeal mucosa epithelium and glands. Destroy the local defense system.
Other factors (10%):
Excessive fatigue, mental stress, lack of sleep, etc. are also common factors in the induction of pharyngitis.
Prevention
Pharyngitis prevention
1, drink plenty of water
This is one thing you can't forget at any time. In addition, fumigation of the throat with salt water is also a good way to relieve the disease. You can use a large bowl or soup pot, put more boiled salt water, open your mouth and breathe in and out of the steam, about 10-15 minutes each time, 2-3 times a day.
2, avoid using excessive
Pay attention to rest, reduce labor, and exercise properly. Those with systemic diseases should be treated aggressively. If the nasopharynx is present, there is a disease in the mouth that needs to be treated in time.
3, pay attention to diet
Always drink cool throat drinks and eat fruits, such as sugar cane, mahogany juice, pear, medlar, pomegranate, etc., gargle with light salt water every morning, you can also eat raw radish or radish.
4, pay attention to moisturizing
Keep the indoor air moist and clean, do not smoke indoors, and do not put irritating items indoors. When heating with heating in winter, be careful not to be too dry indoors. Use a humidifier or put a wet towel on the heater before going to bed to keep the air moist.
5, quit smoking and alcohol
Tobacco and alcohol can both stimulate the throat and impair the function of the body, and should be resolutely quit. Eat less fried and irritating food.
6, the right amount of drinking tea
Honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, raw licorice, Scrophulariaceae, Maimendong, fat sea, etc., use a thermos cup to boil water for tea, drink from time to time. 30 grams of Wu Qi powder, vinegar after the adjustment of the external application of Qingquan points, once a day. Green fruit often contains slow chewing in the mouth, slowly swallowing its juice; pear skin slices, green fruit 3 decoction, have a certain effect on pharyngitis.
Complication
Pharyngeal complications Complications acute laryngitis bronchitis pneumonia sepsis chronic laryngitis cold pharyngitis
A: In acute pharyngitis, in addition to sore throat, there may be systemic toxic reactions such as fever, cold, headache, soreness, poor appetite, dry stool, and thirst. When there is a bacterial infection, the number of white blood cells in the blood increases. If the sore throat is severe, affecting swallowing, it will also cause nutrient and metabolic disorders in the body. If the treatment is not timely, or repeated attacks, it can be converted to chronic.
Second: downward development, can invade the lower respiratory tract such as throat and trachea, causing acute laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. If pathogenic bacteria and toxins invade the blood circulation, it can cause systemic complications such as acute nephritis and pus Toxemia, rheumatism, etc., are extremely harmful to the body.
Third: the pharyngeal resistance is reduced. When the climate changes cold, hot, dry and wet, the mucous membrane warming and humidification regulation are weakened, the cilia activity and decomposition phagocytosis are insufficient, and the bacteria and viruses are prone to local reproduction and become chronic. Infected lesions. Inflammation of the pharynx affects other systems and can be complicated by chronic laryngitis, nephritis, and heart disease.
Four: People with chronic pharyngitis often feel pharyngeal discomfort, slightly cold, tired, or have more speech, do not drink water for a long time, they will feel sore throat, burning heat, throat itching caused by irritating cough, affecting rest . If it is dry or atrophic pharyngitis, the throat is obvious, and the speech and throat saliva are also very laborious. It needs frequent drinking water to moisten, and even need to get up and drink a few times at night.
Five: manifested as pharyngeal foreign body sensation, often used for squatting and swallowing movements, hoping to exclude foreign bodies, and these ineffective cleansing actions can only aggravate the original discomfort. The patient then suspected that he had a tumor in his throat, throat or esophagus, causing a heavy mental burden and depression. Others suffer from sleep snoring due to thickening of the pharyngeal mucosa, affecting the smoothness of breathing.
Symptom
Symptoms of pharyngitis common symptoms sore throat swallowing pain hoarse throat dry itching fever
1, the main symptoms of acute pharyngitis is acute onset, the beginning of the pharyngeal dry, burning, and then pain, sore throat when swallowing saliva is often more obvious than eating, can be accompanied by fever, headache, loss of appetite and limb pain, Invade the throat, accompanied by hoarseness and cough.
2, the main symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are pharyngeal discomfort, dry, itchy, bloating, secretions and burning, easy to dry, foreign body sensation, can not be seen, can not swallow. These symptoms are especially aggravated when you speak a little more, eat irritating food, fatigue or weather changes.
Examine
Pharyngitis examination
Acute pharyngitis examination
Adults are mainly pharyngeal symptoms. The pharynx has dry itching, burning, progressive pain, increased aggravation when swallowing, increased saliva, and obvious ear pain when the pharyngeal lateral cord is affected. Frail adults or children with pharyngitis have significant systemic symptoms, fever, cold, headache, loss of appetite, sore limbs and so on.
Chronic pharyngitis examination
Mainly due to incomplete treatment of acute pharyngitis, recurrent, chronic, or due to various nasal diseases, nasal congestion, long-term mouth breathing, as well as physical, chemical factors, neck radiation therapy, etc. often cause pharynx . Various chronic diseases such as anemia, constipation, chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, and cardiovascular diseases can also be secondary to this disease.
The patient feels pharyngeal discomfort, dry, itchy, bloated, secretions and burning, easy to nausea, foreign body sensation, can not be seen, can not swallow, the above symptoms are talking a little more, after eating irritating food, fatigue Or worse when the weather changes. Breathing and swallowing are unimpeded.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of pharyngitis
Diagnostic criteria
1, the symptoms are mainly dry throat, infarct foreign body sensation:
Itchy, swollen, burning and painful feelings, obvious symptoms when you are emptying or talking, in order to relieve symptoms or want to spit out "sticky" often with force "", "squeeze" clearing action, there are repeated swallowing or frequent drinking Trying to eliminate discomfort.
2, check the local performance is divided into 3 types:
(1) chronic hyperemia of the pharynx with scattered lymphoid follicular hyperplasia called simple pharyngitis.
(2) chronic hyperemia of the pharynx, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in the posterior pharyngeal wall is granular, and the pharyngeal lateral cord is strip-like, and the hypertrophic pharyngitis is called hypertrophic pharyngitis.
(3) The pharyngeal mucosa is dry, thin, pale and radiant, and is called chronic dry pharyngitis.
3. Diagnosis requires careful medical history and comprehensive related examinations :
Important diseases that exclude pharyngeal foreign body sensation, such as early throat and esophageal cancer, gastric acid esophageal reflux, styloid process syndrome, tongue tonsil hypertrophy and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
4, in the investigation of the cause of chronic pharyngitis, fungal pharyngitis can not be ignored:
Antibiotics and corticosteroids have increased in this type of pharyngitis. Occasionally, gonorrhea pharyngitis should also be vigilant.
