gastritis
Introduction
Introduction to gastritis Gastritis is a general term for inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Common diseases can be divided into acute and chronic. Acute gastritis is common in both simple and erosive. The former manifests as upper abdominal discomfort, pain, anorexia and nausea, vomiting; the latter is the main manifestation of gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis and black feces. Acute gastritis is divided into acute simple gastritis, acute erosive gastritis, acute corrosive gastritis and acute suppurative gastritis; chronic gastritis can usually be divided into superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and hypertrophic gastritis. Acute gastritis can be caused by chemical factors, physical factors, microbial infections or bacterial toxins. In addition, neurological dysfunction, stress state or various factors caused by allergic reactions can be used as endogenous stimulating factors, causing acute inflammatory damage of the gastric mucosa. Chronic gastritis has now clearly identified Hp infection as the most important cause of chronic gastritis. Experts pointed out that the clinical etiology of chronic gastritis has not yet been fully elucidated, and it is generally considered to be related to the harmful factors and susceptible constitution of the surrounding environment. Physical, chemical, and biological harmful factors can cause the disease by repeatedly acting on susceptible human bodies. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gastric bleeding anemia gastric ulcer gastric cancer
Cause
Cause of gastritis
Causes of acute gastritis (35%):
It can be caused by chemical factors, physical factors, microbial infections or bacterial toxins. In addition, neurological dysfunction, stress state or various factors caused by allergic reactions can be used as endogenous stimulating factors, causing acute inflammatory damage of the gastric mucosa.
Causes of chronic gastritis (45%):
It has been clarified that Hp infection is the most important cause of chronic gastritis. Experts pointed out that the clinical etiology of chronic gastritis has not yet been fully elucidated, and it is generally considered to be related to harmful factors and susceptible constitution of the surrounding environment. Physical, chemical, and biological harmful factors can cause the disease by repeatedly acting on susceptible human bodies.
1. Long-term use of drugs that are irritating to the stomach, food, and eating rough food or smoking.
2. Acute gastritis, if treated improperly, can be converted into chronic gastritis if it is delayed.
3 stomach acid deficiency.
4. The role of bacteria and their toxins.
Prevention
Gastritis prevention
First, away from chemical stimulation
Such as oral administration of certain drugs such as salicylates, reserpine and adrenocortical hormones, a large number of drinking spirits, strong tea, coffee, etc., can stimulate the gastric mucosa, causing gastric mucosal congestion, edema, and even bleeding, erosion, And the occurrence of acute simple gastritis.
Second, avoid the pathogenic factors
The cause of acute gastritis is usually acute gastritis caused by unclean diet. Common bacterial infections are staphylococcal exotoxin, botulinum toxin, salmonella endotoxin and acidophilus. Helicobacter pylori also develops acute gastritis during acute infection, and if it fails to eliminate it may turn into chronic active gastritis. Influenza viruses, enteroviruses, etc. are common in viral infection factors.
Third, other factors:
Neurological dysfunction, stress state, allergic reactions caused by various factors and certain systemic diseases. Chronic pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, vitamin deficiency, intestinal malabsorption and advanced cancer can be used as endogenous stimulating factors, causing acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
Complication
Gastritis complications Complications, gastric bleeding, anemia, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer
Acute gastritis has fewer complications and is chronically visible: gastric bleeding, anemia, gastric ulcer, and stomach cancer.
Symptom
Symptoms of gastritis Common symptoms Nausea and vomiting acid reflux upper abdominal discomfort Stomach yang deficiency vomiting yellow water gastrointestinal bloating anorexia fever accompanied by abdominal pain, ... Loss of appetite
1. Acute gastritis has a rapid onset. The lighter ones have only loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, hematemesis, melena, dehydration, electrolytes and acid-base balance disorders may occur. People with bacterial infections are often accompanied by systemic poisoning symptoms.
2. Chronic gastritis lacks specific symptoms, and the severity of symptoms is not consistent with the degree of gastric mucosal lesions. Most patients often have no obvious symptoms or different degrees of dyspepsia, such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, postprandial fullness, acid reflux and so on.
3. Atrophic gastritis patients may have symptoms such as anemia, weight loss, glossitis, diarrhea, etc. Individual patients with mucosal erosion have obvious upper abdominal pain and may have bleeding.
Examine
Gastritis check
an examination
Gastroscopic examination combined with direct biopsy is the main method for the diagnosis of gastritis.
The positive rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic gastritis is as high as 70% to 90%. The gastric mucosa can be examined by gastroscopy. The antibodies of Helicobacter pylori in the blood can also be examined. It can also be examined before and after anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment. Track one of the indicators.
Superficial gastritis is normal or low in gastric acid, and atrophic gastritis is significantly reduced or even absent.
Atrophic gastritis can detect parietal antibodies, endogenous antibodies or gastrin antibodies in the blood.
Acute gastritis examination
1, a small number of patients need to take stomach, intestinal x-ray meal.
2, gastroscopy, if necessary, gastric mucosal biopsy and Helicobacter pylori examination.
3, if necessary, gastric juice analysis, determination of the basic acid secretion, maximum acid secretion and gastric juice pH.
Diagnosis
Gastric inflammation diagnosis
diagnosis
Acute gastritis is characterized by neutrophil infiltration of the mucosa of the cardia and the stomach. Chronic gastritis often has a certain degree of atrophy (mucosal loss of function) and metaplasia, often involving the cardia, accompanied by loss of G cells and decreased secretion of gastrin, may also involve the body of the body, accompanied by loss of acid secretion glands, leading to stomach acid, Reduction of pepsin and endogenous factors.
Differential diagnosis
Chronic gastritis:
Gastric cancer: Symptoms of chronic gastritis such as loss of appetite, upper abdominal discomfort, anemia, and other X-ray signs of gastric antrum gastritis are similar to gastric cancer, and special attention should be paid to identification.
Peptic ulcer: Both have chronic upper abdominal pain, but the abdominal regularity and periodic pain are mainly above the peptic ulcer, while the chronic gastritis pain has little regularity and is mainly dyspepsia.
Chronic biliary tract disease: such as chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis often have chronic right upper abdomen, abdominal distension, hernia and other dyspepsia, easily misdiagnosed as chronic gastritis.
Acute gastritis:
Should be identified with early acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis.
Endoscopy is helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
