bowel cancer
Introduction
Introduction to bowel cancer Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor, including colon and rectal cancer. The incidence of colorectal cancer from high to low is the rectum, sigmoid colon, cecum, ascending colon, descending colon and transverse colon. In recent years, there is a tendency to develop to the proximal end (right colon). Its pathogenesis is closely related to lifestyle, heredity, and colorectal adenoma. The age of onset is getting older, and the ratio of men to women is 1.65:1. In the early stage of bowel cancer, blood is the main factor, followed by changes in bowel habits, defecation and insufficiency, and urgency and so on. In addition, it is easy to cause obstruction and produce intestinal irritation. Intestinal cancer has many outstanding clinical manifestations, and patients need to be more careful. The initial manifestation of intestinal cancer is mainly painless and blood in the stool. The blood is red or bright red. It is very similar to the symptoms of early internal hemorrhoids. Later, the blood in the stool is mostly dark red, mixed with fecal mucus or pus and blood. Surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer. According to the purpose of treatment, surgery can be divided into two types: radical and palliative. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: good for middle-aged and elderly people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: ascites jaundice
Cause
Causes of intestinal cancer
Unreasonable diet structure (20%):
The cause of bowel cancer is related to the unreasonable diet structure. Too much food with high fat, high calorie and low fiber also hinders the peristalsis of the stomach, promotes the accumulation and absorption of toxins, and causes high incidence of intestinal cancer.
Chronic colonic inflammation (30%):
After statistical investigation, it is found that the risk of developing this disease in chronic ulcerative colitis is about ten times higher than that of normal people. The risk of hemorrhagic ulcerative colorectal inflammation is greater, and 50% of the patients have a disease duration of more than ten years. For cancer.
Environmental factors (10%):
Environmental changes are also likely to cause the emergence of intestinal cancer. With the increasing modernization of life, increasingly industrialization, indoor decoration, exhaust pollution, pesticide abuse and other factors have led to the reduction of our immunity, which is also the cause of common intestinal cancer.
Genetic (15%):
Genetics is also the main cause of bowel cancer. 25% of bowel cancers occur in families with a history of bowel cancer. The majority of members of some families are prone to polyps, and if left unchecked, the incidence of bowel cancer is also 25%. Elderly people over the age of 50 should take various measures to prevent intestinal cancer. Because 50% of the elderly over the age of 60 will have large intestine polyps. And we don't know which polyps of different sizes will develop into bowel cancer.
Prevention
Intestinal cancer prevention
If a middle-aged person is full of long-term dinner, it will repeatedly stimulate the secretion of insulin, which will cause the burden of insulin cells to increase, and then lead to diabetes. At the same time, when dinner is too full, some proteins will not be digested and absorbed. Under the action of intestinal bacteria, toxic substances will be produced. In addition, the intestinal peristalsis will slow down during sleep, which will prolong the residence time of these substances in the intestine and may promote the large intestine. The occurrence of cancer.
Complication
Intestinal cancer complications Complications ascites jaundice
Late stage of colon cancer often invades surrounding tissues and organs, such as adjacent tissues such as the bladder and prostate, causing frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty urinating. Invading the anterior tibial nerve plexus, appendix and lumbar pain. Rectal cancer can also be transferred to the liver from afar, causing hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, and even dyscrasia. In addition, in the complications of colorectal cancer surgery, there are ureteral injury, stoma necrosis and abdominal hernia.
Symptom
Intestinal cancer symptoms Common symptoms Bloody stools and bowel movements do not feel urinary frequency feces pus and blood in the stool and blood and feces mixed in the rush after the evil disease
The main symptoms
1. In the early stage of bowel cancer, blood is the main factor, followed by changes in bowel habits, defecation and insufficiency, and urgency and so on. In addition, it is easy to cause obstruction and produce intestinal irritation. Intestinal cancer has many outstanding clinical manifestations, and patients need to be more careful. The initial manifestation of intestinal cancer is mainly painless and blood in the stool. The blood is red or bright red. It is very similar to the symptoms of early internal hemorrhoids. Later, the blood in the stool is mostly dark red, mixed with fecal mucus or pus and blood.
2. Secondly, the habit change of bowel movement is a typical manifestation of the middle and late stage of intestinal cancer. Due to the rectal mass and the secretions produced by it, it can produce intestinal irritation symptoms, which leads to frequent symptoms, unsatisfactory bowel movements, urgency, and other symptoms. Most of them are mucus pus and blood, and the shape of the stool has also changed, and the stool is getting thinner.
3. Because the cancer infiltrates around the circumference of the intestinal wall, the intestinal lumen is narrowed, especially at the junction of the rectosigmoid colon, mostly stenotic hard cancer, which is easy to cause obstruction. In patients with advanced rectal cancer, due to long-term chronic consumption of the disease, some systemic malignant diseases will occur. In addition, anemia of unknown origin occurs. Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, patients must pay attention to timely timely inspection and treatment in professional hospitals.
4. Intestinal cancer often invades surrounding tissues and organs, such as bladder and prostate, in the late stage, causing frequent urination, urgency, and difficulty urinating. Invading the anterior tibial nerve plexus, appendix and lumbar pain. Rectal cancer can also be transferred to the liver from afar, causing hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, and even dyscrasia.
Examine
Intestinal cancer examination
Laboratory examination
Blood routine, biochemical full (hepatic and renal function + serum iron), stool routine + fecal occult blood test and other tests, help to understand whether patients with iron deficiency anemia, liver and kidney function and other basic conditions. The detection of blood tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is helpful for the diagnosis of tumors. In patients with colorectal cancer, high levels of CEA do not indicate a distant metastasis; in a small number of patients with metastases, CEA does not increase.
2. Endoscopy
Colonoscopy involves the insertion of a fiberoptic colonoscopy into the ileocecal area of the colon, examining the colon and rectal lumen, and performing biopsy and treatment during the examination. Colonoscopy is more accurate than barium enema X-rays, especially for colonic polyps, which are confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology. The removal of benign polyps prevents their conversion to colorectal cancer, and cancerous polyps help to confirm diagnosis and treatment.
3. Biopsy and exfoliative cytology
Biopsy is decisive for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, especially early cancer and polyposis, and the differential diagnosis of the disease. It can determine the nature of the tumor, histological type and malignancy, judge the prognosis and guide clinical treatment. The exfoliative cytology has high accuracy, is cumbersome, and is not easy to obtain satisfactory specimens, and has few clinical applications.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of intestinal cancer
Diagnose based on
1 Recently, persistent abdominal discomfort, dull pain, flatulence, and general treatment symptoms are not relieved;
2 changes in bowel habits without obvious incentives, such as diarrhea or constipation;
3 feces with pus, mucus or bloody stools, without a history of dysentery, chronic inflammation of the intestines;
4 a lump in the colon;
5 Unexplained anemia or weight loss.
In the case of the above clinical manifestations, detailed medical history should be asked, comprehensive physical examination, and timely digital rectal examination, total colonoscopy, barium enema X-ray examination, serum carcinoe and intestinal cancer related antigen determination and intrarectal ultrasound scan, CT examination, etc. To confirm the diagnosis and assist in treatment.
