retinitis
Introduction
Introduction to retinitis Retinitis, mainly caused by retinal tissue edema, exudation and hemorrhage, causes varying degrees of vision loss, generally secondary to choroiditis, leading to chorioretinal inflammation. The cause is exogenous and endogenous. The symptoms of the eye are not obvious, mainly due to vision loss or even blindness. Exogenous: caused by bacteria, viruses, chemical toxins, etc., into the eye, or parasites in the eye, causing choroiditis, chorioretinal inflammation, exudative retinitis, etc.; endogenous: secondary to certain Infectious diseases, bacteremia or sepsis, pathogenic microorganisms transfer to the retinal blood vessels through the blood, sepsis lesions appear in the eye tissue, causing retinitis; this disease may also be caused by allergic reactions of local lesions. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are central vision loss, central dark spots, and visual distortion. There is no inflammatory change in the anterior segment of the eye and the vitreous. The fundus has yellow-gray exudative lesions and hemorrhage in the macula, round or elliptical, unclear borders, micro-bumps, and the size is about 1/4 to 3/2 optic disc diameter (PD). It is more common to be below 1PD. There is a curved or ring-shaped hemorrhage at the edge of the lesion, and occasionally a point-like hemorrhage in a radial arrangement. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cataract Glaucoma
Cause
Cause of retinitis
Exogenous (35%):
It is caused by bacteria, viruses, chemical toxins, etc., which enter the eye with the foreign body or the parasites in the eye, causing choroiditis, chorioretinal inflammation, exudative retinitis and the like.
Endogenous (35%):
Secondary to some infectious diseases, bacteremia or sepsis occurs, pathogenic microorganisms transfer to the retinal blood vessels through the blood, and sepsis lesions appear in the eye tissue, causing retinitis; this disease may also be caused by an allergic reaction of local lesions.
Prevention
Retinitis prevention
Control method:
In the later stages of retinitis, retinal detachment, atrophy, cataract or glaucoma can be secondary. Systemic application of antibiotics, eye closure (antibiotics + procaine + dexamethasone) to control the development of inflammation, treatment of the primary disease is very important at the beginning of the disease, severe cases can remove the eyeball.
Complication
Retinitis complications Complications cataract glaucoma
In the later stages of retinitis, retinal detachment, atrophy, cataract or glaucoma can be secondary.
Symptom
Symptoms of retinitis Common symptoms Visual retinal edema Retinal hemorrhage The fundus is found in the fundus... Central dark spots and flex... Cell infection increases
1, symptoms: central vision loss, visual distortion.
2, fundus changes: gray spots or gray-yellow oozing lesions of the macula, round or oval, unclear borders, slightly uplifted, about 1/4 to 1 nipple diameter, curved around the lesion or Ring bleeding and hard lipid exudation, and may be associated with shallow retinal detachment of the posterior pole. Late lesions are absorbed and scar tissue is formed.
3. The visual field inspection has a central dark spot.
4, fluorescent angiography: visible choroidal pigment epithelial or neuroepithelial neovascularization. Peripheral bleeding forms a fluorescent mask.
The main clinical manifestations of this disease are central vision loss, central dark spots, and visual distortion. There is no inflammatory change in the anterior segment of the eye and the vitreous. The fundus has yellow-gray exudative lesions and hemorrhage in the macula, round or elliptical, unclear borders, micro-bumps, and the size is about 1/4 to 3/2 optic disc diameter (PD). It is more common to be below 1PD. There is a curved or ring-shaped hemorrhage at the edge of the lesion, and occasionally a point-like hemorrhage in a radial arrangement. There is a pigmented disorder zone in the periphery of the lesion. Many cases have a shallow discoid retinal detachment, and some have hard lipid exudation around. Most of the lesions are centered on the fovea and have a radius of 1 PD. At the end of the disease, yellow-white scars form in the macula. Fluorescent fundus angiography, in the early arterial or arterial phase, corresponds to a variety of vascular network in the form of granules, laces, etc. The hemorrhage area obscures the fluorescence, and the upper edge of the bleeding has a translucent fluorescent area. In the late neovascularization, fluorescein leakage forms a strong fluorescent region.
Examine
Retinitis examination
1. Visual inspection by general naked eye.
2, fundus examination: the gray spot or grayish yellow oozing lesions of the macula are round or oval, the boundary is unclear, slightly raised, the size is about 1/4~1 nipple diameter, the lesion is curved or Ring bleeding and hard lipid exudation, and may be associated with shallow retinal detachment of the posterior pole. Late lesions are absorbed and scar tissue is formed.
3, visual field inspection: there is a central dark spot.
4, fluorescent angiography: visible choroidal pigment epithelial or neuroepithelial neovascularization. Peripheral bleeding forms a fluorescent mask.
Diagnosis
Retinal inflammation diagnosis
Diagnosis is mainly based on: clinical symptoms
The symptoms of the eye are not obvious, mainly due to vision loss or even blindness. At the beginning of the disease, the pupils shrink, and when they become chronic, the pupils are dilated. Diagnosis of the need to use the inspection mirror for fundus examination: retinal edema, poor transparency, yellow or blue-gray exudation under the retinal blood vessels at the beginning of the disease, so that the retina of the lesion has different degrees of bulging or peeling, venous bleeding, venules in the patient Bending due to dilatation; optic nerve nipple congestion, enlargement, unclear outline, the edge of the nipple is unclear, further development is atrophy, the vitreous is turbid due to blood intrusion; in the later stage of the lesion, the vasculature of the lesion is contracted, and the surface of the lesion appears grayish white, yellowish Or a yellowish-red mound-like bulge; a yellow lesion with yellow-white cholesterol crystals.
