Spine disease
Introduction
Introduction to Spinal Diseases Spinal diseases are the bones of the spine, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscle lesions, which in turn cause compression and traction to stimulate the spinal cord, spinal nerves, blood vessels, and autonomic nerves, resulting in complex and diverse symptoms. Common diseases are cervical spondylosis and lumbar spondylosis. Main symptoms: can not stand upright, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, memory loss, neck and shoulder pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness of the lower limbs, severe cases may lead to paralysis. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different spinal diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications:
Cause
Causes of spinal diseases
1. Incorrect postures, such as sitting, standing, lying, and working at the desk in the same position for a long time or other labor.
2, unreasonable bedding can cause ligaments, muscle tension is too large and strain, disc herniation, facet joint dysfunction.
3, cold, wet invasion, affect local blood circulation, accelerate tissue degeneration.
4, trauma will make the disease worse, chronic damage gradually caused the disease to worsen.
5, psychological factors and poor overall health, may cause or aggravate the symptoms of spinal disease.
6. Genetic factors: About one percent of patients with spinal disease are hereditary.
7. Occupational factors: dancers, long-distance drivers, welders, office workers, and long-term workers.
Prevention
Spinal disease prevention
1, pay attention to proper rest, do not overdo it to master the combination of dynamic and static, rest well, is conducive to the recovery of fatigue; exercise can enhance physical strength, enhance disease resistance, the combination of the two, can better recovery.
2, continue to take drugs, do a good job.
3. It is very important to maintain a good attitude, to maintain a good mood, to have an optimistic, open-minded spirit, and to be confident in the fight against disease. Don't be afraid, only in this way can you mobilize your subjective initiative and improve your body's immune function.
4, appropriate nutritional supply, under today's living conditions, should not be too much emphasis on high sugar, high protein, high vitamin and low fat diet. However, the nutrition should be balanced, and the vegetarian diet should be accompanied by vegetables, fruits, meat, egg milk, etc. The intake is determined by the fatness of the person.
Complication
Spinal disease complications Complications
1, dysphagia
There is an obstruction when swallowing, a foreign body sensation in the esophagus, and a few people have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, hoarseness, dry cough, and chest tightness. This is because the anterior cervical vertebra directly compresses the posterior wall of the esophagus and causes esophageal stenosis. It may also be caused by the stimulating reaction of soft tissue around the esophagus due to the excessive formation of bone spurs.
2, visual impairment
The performance is decreased vision, eye pain, fear of light, tearing, pupil size, and even reduced visual field and sharp vision loss, blindness can occur in individual patients. This is related to the autonomic nervous disorder caused by cervical spondylosis and the occipital central ischemic lesion of the occipital lobe caused by insufficient blood supply to the vertebrobasilar artery.
3, neck and heart syndrome
It is characterized by pain in the precordial area, chest tightness, arrhythmia (such as premature beats, etc.) and changes in the ST segment of the electrocardiogram, which are easily misdiagnosed as coronary heart disease. This is caused by the stimulation and compression of the cervical dorsal root spurs by the cervical spine.
4, chest pain
It is characterized by intractable unilateral pectoralis major and breast pain with slow onset, and pectoralis major muscle tenderness at the time of examination. This is related to the compression of the neck 6 and neck 7 nerve roots by the cervical spine.
5, lower extremity paralysis
Early manifestations of numbness, pain, and lameness in the lower extremities, some patients feel like walking cotton when walking, individual patients may also be accompanied by defecation, dysuria, such as frequent urination, urgency, poor urination or incontinence. This is because the lateral bundle of the vertebral body is stimulated or compressed by the cervical spine, resulting in lower limb movement and sensory disturbance.
6, stumble
When standing or walking, he suddenly stumbles when he suddenly loses his body and loses his support. When he falls to the ground, he can wake up quickly, without consciousness disorder, and no sequelae. Such patients may be accompanied by symptoms of autonomic dysfunction such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and sweating. This is due to the hyperplasia of the cervical vertebrae, which causes the vertebral artery to cause the basilar artery blood supply disorder, resulting in a temporary lack of blood supply to the brain.
Symptom
Symptoms of Spinal Diseases Common Symptoms Adolescent Scoliosis Lower Back Stiffness and Pain Head and Neck Activity Restriction Spinal Posterior Spinal Column Flexion Spinal Muscle Mutation Straight Local Analgesia Spinal Physiological Bending Disappears Spinal Destruction Dizziness Brain Hypoxia
Spinal arthritis
1, systemic symptoms: reactive arthritis often occurs in moderate to high fever, while other types of spinal arthritis often appear low to moderate fever in the case of heavier conditions. Weight loss, anemia, and general malaise are also common when the condition is severe.
2, other organ involvement: uveitis is the most common ocular damage associated with spinal arthritis, the literature reported that about 25% of patients may have ocular uveitis. Common manifestations of cardiac involvement in ankylosing spondylitis include valvular insufficiency (aortic and mitral regurgitation), varying degrees of cardiac conduction dysfunction, and left ventricular dysfunction. Due to the stiffness of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and thoracic rib joints, thoracic expansion is limited. The most common pulmonary pleural involvement in ankylosing spondylitis is fibrotic lesions of the upper lung, with an incidence of 1.3% to 30%. Spinal fractures in advanced ankylosing spondylitis are not uncommon. The most common form of kidney disease in ankylosing spondylitis is secondary amyloidosis. IgA nephropathy is not common in ankylosing spondylitis. Other common kidney manifestations include mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Spinal fracture
1. Local pain in the spine after trauma, limited mobility, deformity, tenderness.
2, there may be incomplete or completely paralyzed performance. Such as feeling, loss of motor function, dysfunction and so on.
Scoliosis
Shoulder and pelvis tilt, long-term asymmetric posture, dominant hand, lower limb unequal length, muscle convex side tissue tension, concave side tissue weak, pulled. Judging from the symptoms of scoliosis, the damage of this disease is very great. If the scoliosis cannot be detected and treated in time, the condition of a large part of the patient will be aggravated and the average monthly weight will increase. 2 degrees, especially during the period of vigorous growth and development, scoliosis develops faster. The hazard of scoliosis, such as the development of deformity, can eventually lead to severe scoliosis. Causes severe deformity of the trunk. The shoulders are rugged, the back of the back is razor-backed, and one side of the chest collapses. One side is raised, the pelvis is tilted and limp.
Ankylosing spondylitis
1, initial symptoms
For young people aged 16 to 25, especially young men. Ankylosing spondylitis is generally insidious, with no clinical symptoms in the early stage. Some patients may show mild systemic symptoms in the early stage, such as fatigue, weight loss, long-term or intermittent low fever, anorexia, mild anemia. Due to the mild condition, most patients can not be detected early, resulting in delayed disease and loss of optimal treatment timing.
2, joint lesions
AS patients have many joint lesions, and most of them first invade the ankle joint and then develop to the cervical vertebra. A small number of patients are invaded by the cervical vertebra or several spinal segments at the same time, and can also invade the surrounding joints. The joints at the early lesions have inflammatory pain, accompanied by muscle spasm around the joints, and a stiff feeling, which is obvious in the morning. It can also be manifested as a nighttime pain, relieved by activity or by taking analgesics. As the disease progresses, the joint pain is relieved, and the movement of the spine segments and joints is limited and deformed. In the late stage, the entire spine and lower limbs become stiff arches and flex forward.
Cervical spondylosis
The clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis are more complicated. Mainly neck pain, upper limb weakness, finger numbness, lower limb weakness, difficulty walking, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and even blurred vision, tachycardia and difficulty swallowing.
Examine
Examination of spinal diseases
1, X-ray inspection
2. Computerized tomography (CT)
For clinical suspicion and X-ray can not be diagnosed, CT examination can be performed, which can clearly show the ankle joint gap, and is unique for measuring whether the joint space is widened, narrowed, straight or partially strong.
3. Magnetic resonance (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
The researchers believe that MRI and SPECT scintigraphy of the ankle joint film is very helpful for very early diagnosis and treatment. From this point of view, it is obviously superior to ordinary X-ray, but it is expensive and is not recommended as a routine examination.
4, EMG examination
Electromyography of cervical spondylosis and cervical disc herniation can indicate that the nerve root is degenerated by long-term compression, thus losing the inhibition of the muscles that are innervated.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of spinal diseases
Generally, spinal diseases can be accurately judged by X-ray and CT examination.
