gynecological diseases
Introduction
Introduction to gynecological diseases The diseases of the female reproductive system are gynecological diseases, including vulvar diseases, vaginal diseases, uterine diseases, fallopian tube diseases, ovarian diseases and the like. Gynecological diseases are common and frequently-occurring diseases in women. However, due to the lack of proper understanding of gynecological diseases, lack of health care for the body, and various bad living habits, the physical health is deteriorating, leading to some female diseases, and long-term cure, bringing extreme life and work. Great inconvenience. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different gynecological diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: women who have more sex in their unclean sex Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: infertility, menstrual disorders, infertility
Cause
Causes of gynecological diseases
1. Physiological reasons
(1) The skin of the female vulva is very delicate, the skin is rich in sweat glands, wrinkles are many, hidden and not exposed, poorly breathable, and easily attacked by germs.
(2) The female genitalia and the abdomen are connected to the outside world, and the germs can enter the uterus from the vagina.
(3) There are a large number of lactobacilli in the vagina, which can decompose glycogen to produce lactic acid, which makes the vagina an acidic environment, which is not conducive to the growth of harmful bacteria. However, when the local resistance decreases, some pathogens and pathogens will take advantage of it.
(4) The vaginal opening is adjacent to the urethral opening and the anus, and is contaminated by urine and feces, which is easy to breed germs.
(5) Due to menstruation, pregnancy and other reasons, the cervix is soaked in irritating secretions for a long time, and the epithelium is detached, which easily leads to the intimal fold of the cervix and various pathogens hidden in the gland.
2, pathological reasons
(1) Do not pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, use unclean sanitary pads, and have sex during menstruation.
(2) The operation of uterine cavity surgery is not strict.
(3) gynecological surgery such as abortion, childbirth causes damage to the cervix and vagina, causing infection.
(4) Female vulva and genital mucosa are important organs involved in sexual activity, and sexual life may cause damage or cross infection to local tissues.
Prevention
Gynecological disease prevention
1, exercise, a balanced diet, but eat foods with high sugar content.
2, both husband and wife must develop good hygiene habits, especially the cleaning of sexual organs. It is best to clean the vulva with a feminine care solution that uses a weak acid formula every day.
3, develop good hygiene habits: do not use sanitary wares in public places, baths, bath towels, etc., should also wash your hands before going to the toilet; do not abuse unclean toilet paper; wipe the vulva after defecation should be rubbed from front to back; change underwear and put Dry in a ventilated place; use your own basin and towel for yourself; wash your underwear and socks in different basins. It is best to take a shower in the shower.
4, too many people and births is also one of the reasons for the induction of gynecological diseases. Therefore, excessive crowding and births should be avoided.
5. Regular gynecological diseases should be conducted. Under normal circumstances, married women under the age of 40 are inspected every two years, and women over the age of 40 are examined once a year.
6, menstrual period, 30 days after abortion prohibiting the same room, easy to cause pelvic infection and blood reflux caused by endometriosis, and even cause infertility.
7, itching should avoid excessive scratching, friction, hot water washing and other ways to stop itching, do not use alkaline soap bath, can not use the bath to wash the vulva or wash the vagina repeatedly, causing vaginal PH changes, leading to normal vaginal bacteria The group is dysfunctional, thereby destroying the vaginal acid antibacterial barrier and not abusing the stimulating hormone-external drug.
Complication
Gynecological complications Complications infertility menstrual disorders infertility
Cervicitis: After inflammation of the cervix, symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge, local itching, tingling, etc., may also cause lumbar pain under the stimulation of inflammation.
Abnormal uterus position: The normal position of the uterus is the forward anterior flexion. If the uterus shows a posterior flexion and the position changes abnormally, the ligament supporting the uterus in the body is excessively pulled, and some nerves are also oppressed, which may cause low back pain.
Uterine prolapse: The uterus is displaced downward along the vagina. As the pelvic support tissue is weak and the tension is reduced, the pressure in the abdominal cavity is increased, and the feeling of falling is generated and the waist is sore due to pulling.
Intrapelvic tumors: If the pelvic cavity has tumors such as uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, ovarian cysts, etc., or the infiltration of cancer cells into the pelvic connective tissue, low back pain can occur, and the pain is aggravated as the tumor grows.
Symptom
Symptoms of gynecological diseases Common symptoms Vulvar vulcanization during urination... Abnormal leucorrhea irregular menstruation vaginal blood secretions vaginal discharge white vaginal irregular bleeding vaginal discharge increased vaginal outflow yellow or... Female infertility
The early symptoms of gynecological diseases are not obvious. Usually, patients have no obvious discomfort. They are usually found when they are doing gynecological examination. If the symptoms are serious, there may be symptoms of increased vaginal discharge, bloody or purulent. It will also be accompanied by odor. The leucorrhea stimulates the vulva to cause itching of the vulva. In severe cases, there will be pain in the lower abdomen. After sexual life, some patients will have symptoms such as frequent urination.
Gongxue: dysfunctional uterine bleeding is the name of modern medicine, refers to uterine bleeding caused by dysfunction of ovary, referred to as "functional blood."
Vaginitis: Vaginitis is a common disease in gynecological clinics. Clinically, the changes of leucorrhea traits and genital itching and burning are the main clinical features, and sexual pain is also common.
Uterine fibroids: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in the female reproductive organs, mostly in middle-aged women, with a higher incidence among women aged 30-50.
Cervical erosion: It is the most common disease in women. Most of them are transformed from acute and chronic cervicitis. Women who are married and physically weak are more common.
Examine
Gynecological examination
an examination:
1, vulva
Purpose of examination: Whether the skin of the vulva is smooth, the color is normal, there are no ulcers, dermatitis, sputum and hypopigmentation. Normal vulva: the pubic hair is tip-down, triangular, the labia majora is pigmented, the labia minora is reddish, the length of the clitoris is <2.5cm, and the mucosa around the urethra is pale pink.
2. Vagina
Purpose of the examination: to see if the surface of the vaginal mucosa is smooth, whether the texture is normal, whether there is bleeding point, whether the traits and odor of the vaginal secretions are normal. Normal vaginal: vaginal wall mucosa light color powder, wrinkles, no ulcers, sputum, cysts, congenital malformations, secretions are egg-like or white paste, no odor, less, but increased during ovulation and pregnancy. If you want to check the leucorrhea, the doctor will take the specimen at this time.
3, the cervix
Purpose of the examination: Observe whether there are any masses, ulcers, erosions, polyps on the cervix, whether the size of the cervix is normal, whether the surface is smooth, whether the texture is too hard, and whether there is uterine prolapse. Normal cervix: surrounding bulge with holes in the middle. The unborn woman has a round shape, and the maternal woman has a "one" shape, which is tough, meaty, and smooth. If a cervical smear test is to be performed, the doctor will take the specimen at this time.
4, uterus and accessories
Purpose of the examination: to understand the location of the bottom of the uterus, whether it is active or not, if the uterus is enlarged, too hard, the surface is not smooth, it is an abnormal phenomenon, and further examination is needed. Normal uterus: inverted pear shape, 7-8cm long, 4-5cm wide, 2-3cm thick, most of them are forward-flexed, with medium hardness and good activity. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are collectively called "accessories" and can be moved. After touching them, they are slightly sore. Normal fallopian tubes cannot be touched.
5, vaginal examination
The vaginal secretions were smeared and observed under a microscope. The vaginal cleanliness was determined by the number of vaginal bacilli, white blood cells (WBC) and bacteria, and was divided into 4 degrees:
I degree: There are a large number of vaginal bacteria and epithelial cells, no bacteria, white blood cells, clean vision, is a normal secretion.
II degree: vaginal bacillus and epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells and bacteria, still belong to normal vaginal secretions.
III degree: a little vaginal bacillus and squamous epithelium, more bacteria and white blood cells, suggesting a mild vaginal inflammation.
IV degree: no vaginal bacillus, only a few epithelial cells, a large number of white blood cells and bacteria. Prompt there is relatively heavy vaginal inflammation, such as fungal vaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis.
5, gynecological b super
B-ultrasound, vaginal B-ultrasound examination of ovarian tumors, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and other diseases. The vaginal B-ultrasound is intracavitary ultrasound, its frequency is high, the probe is close to the cervix and posterior humerus, the interference is less, and the image is several times clearer than the abdominal B-ultrasound.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of gynecological diseases
Common symptoms of gynecological diseases include genital itching, increased vaginal discharge, odor, burning pain, lower abdomen fall, pain and lumbosacral pain, irregular menstruation, etc., according to these symptoms can be initially diagnosed. The specific diagnosis is further assisted according to the doctor's advice.
