cancer
Introduction
Cancer introduction Cancer, also known as a malignant tumor, is a disease caused by a disorder that controls the growth and proliferation of cells. In addition to uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, cancer cells locally invade the surrounding normal tissues and even transfer to other parts of the body via the internal circulatory system or lymphatic system. Cancer is a general term for a large class of malignant tumors. Cancer cells are characterized by unrestricted and endless proliferation, which causes the body's nutrients to be consumed in large quantities. The cancer cells release a variety of toxins, causing the body to produce a series of symptoms; cancer cells can also be transferred to all parts of the body for growth and reproduction. Lead to body weight loss, weakness, anemia, loss of appetite, fever and severe organ damage. In contrast, there are benign tumors, benign tumors are easy to clean, generally do not metastasize, do not recur, only squeeze and block the organs, tissues, but cancer (malignant tumors) can also destroy the structure and function of tissues and organs. Caused by necrotic hemorrhage and infection, the patient eventually died due to organ failure. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: 0.001%-0.003% (the above is the incidence of middle-aged men over 50 years old) Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: nausea and vomiting
Cause
Cause of cancer
The body is exposed to environmental pollution, chemical pollution (chemical toxins), ionizing radiation, free radical toxins, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) and their metabolic toxins, genetic characteristics, endocrine imbalance, immune dysfunction, and other carcinogens, carcinogenic The result of the factors that cause the normal cells of the body to become cancerous is often manifested as: a local mass formed by abnormal proliferation of local tissue cells. Cancer is a large class of diseases caused by multiple, multi-stage and multiple mutations in normal cells.
Prevention
Cancer prevention
1. Do not eat moldy food and its products. After mildew, such as peanuts, soybeans, rice, flour, and vegetable oil, aflatoxin can be produced, which is a strong carcinogenic (especially liver cancer and gastric cancer) substances.
2, do not eat smoked or pickled foods, such as bacon, bacon, salted fish, pickled sauerkraut, pickled vegetables, etc., these foods contain a chemical that may cause stomach cancer and esophageal cancer.
3. No smoking. Substances such as tar in cigarettes are carcinogenic factors that cause lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Recent studies have shown that smoking is also associated with cervical cancer in women.
4, do not drink alcohol, especially not drinking spirits. High concentrations of alcohol can irritate the epithelial cells of the mouth, esophageal wall, and stomach wall and cause cancer.
5, smoking and drinking at the same time will greatly increase the chance of cancer.
6. Do not touch or touch the black smoke from the large chimney. The air polluted by it contains a small amount of carcinogens.
7, can not use washing powder to scrub dishes, tea sets or wash food.
8. Do not package food with toxic plastic products (polyvinyl chloride).
9. Do not eat vegetables, fruits and other things contaminated with pesticides.
10. Drink fresh, clean water, do not drink hot water, do not eat overheated, hard, charred or too salty food.
11, do not over-sun. Ultraviolet rays in the sun can cause skin cancer and may reduce the body's immunity.
12, eat more fresh vegetables, eat not to eat too much, control the intake of meat food, control weight, which can reduce the incidence of cancer.
13, do not often eat drugs that may cause cancer, such as hormone drugs, large doses of vitamin E and so on.
14, women with uterine erosion, regular inspection and timely treatment to prevent cancer.
15. Adults with long penis foreskin should be removed in time to prevent penile cancer.
16. Air pollution in a closed environment is quite serious, whether or not air-conditioning equipment is installed. A ventilated house is good for human health. If you do not have an air-conditioned room, you must open the window for about 1-2 hours a day.
Complication
Cancer complications Complications, nausea and vomiting, hair loss
Due to the decreased immunity of cancer patients, the anti-infective ability and the body's compensatory function are reduced, and the surgical trauma, anesthesia, and hypoxia are poorly tolerated, and serious complications are likely to occur after surgery. The occurrence of postoperative complications of cancer not only brings pain to the patients, but also further damages the body's immunity and anti-infective power, making cancer a viable opportunity for recurrence and metastasis.
Symptom
Symptoms of cancer common symptoms cachexia, loss of appetite, repeated bleeding, chest tightness, unexplained, fever, cancer, fever, pernicious anemia
Esophageal cancer: swallowing food has a slow, stagnant or slight stagnation, which can resolve on its own, but can appear again after a few days, repeated attacks, and gradually worsened. Or when swallowing water or eating, there is always a feeling of pain in the sternum. Usually, there is a foreign body in the esophagus and it has nothing to do with eating. It persists. Drinking water and swallowing food cannot make it disappear.
Gastric cancer: sudden onset of unexplained dyspepsia, and more stubborn, rapid progress; prominent performance is a rapid decline in appetite, abdominal fullness and discomfort after eating, while the weight is significantly reduced. Or, in the past, people who had no stomach pain ("heart pain") suddenly had repeated stomach pains; although there was stomach pain in the past, the intensity, nature, and time of onset of the pain suddenly changed suddenly, and the original effective drug became invalid. Or not good.
Liver cancer: Early liver cancer has no specific symptoms, and if it is, it is also a complex manifestation of precancerous diseases. However, if patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis develop tingling or pain in the right upper abdomen or liver area, physical discomfort, loss of appetite, progressive dyspepsia, refractory diarrhea and significant weight loss, they should be highly vigilant.
Lung cancer: Cough is an early symptom of lung cancer. It is characterized by paroxysmal irritating cough and a feeling of coughing. It is generally innocent or has only a small amount of white foam. Secondary infection can cause purulent sputum. If there is no improvement after 2 weeks of anti-inflammatory treatment, you should be alert to the possibility of lung cancer. Or cough properties change on the basis of the original chronic cough, even with "tracheal sound", "short gas" should pay attention. Another warning sign for lung cancer is intermittent repeated small blood stasis, or bloodshot in the sputum. In addition, there are symptoms such as chest pain, chest tightness, and fever.
Breast cancer: abnormal changes in the breast, such as touching thick or mass, swelling, appearance of dimples ("dimple sign"), roughing and reddening of the skin, deformation of the nipple, retraction or scaly, pain or tenderness, Non-lactating women suddenly have unilateral nipple water (milk, blood, water-like liquid).
Cervical cancer: The early symptoms of cervical cancer mainly include the following aspects. Sexual intercourse, defecation, vaginal drip bleeding after the activity, blood mixed in the vaginal secretions. It starts to appear in small quantities and often stops on its own. Irregular vaginal bleeding, especially sudden vaginal bleeding after many years of menopause. Increased leucorrhea, bloody or washed water. Pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. Anyone who has one or more of the above should be promptly examined further. The focus is on irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding and excessive vaginal discharge.
Examine
Cancer check
an examination:
Tumor markers: commonly used alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA125, etc., have an indirect suggestive effect, but are not specific.
Chest X-ray: Reflecting the lungs, it is best to take a positive position on the side of the film, long-term smokers check.
B-ultrasound: Abdominal B-ultrasound can detect the condition of various organs in the abdomen, patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis must check, pelvic B-ultrasound can understand the ovary, accessories and so on.
Gastroscope: Long-term life is irregular, overeating, people with bad eating habits must check.
Anal digital examination: the simplest way to census rectal cancer, long-term blood in the stool or abnormal bowel habits.
Diagnosis
Cancer diagnosis
diagnosis:
After a tumor is usually detected by CT or other instruments, pathological examination is needed to determine the nature of the tumor.
