muscle spasms
Introduction
Introduction to muscle spasm Muscle spasm, also called cramping, refers to the sudden and involuntary contraction of muscles, which can cause muscle stiffness and pain. Radon is a syndrome of abnormally increased muscle tone after central nervous system damage. It is a motor dysfunction characterized by a speed-dependent tension stretch hyperreflexia caused by increased stretch reflex excitability. The speed dependence of sputum means that the degree of muscle spasm increases as the speed of muscle stretching increases. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: muscle spasm
Cause
Muscle spasm
Nerve damage (30%):
Muscle spasms can occur after damage to the central nervous system. However, clinical findings are more common in stroke, spinal cord injury, spinal cord disease, cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis.
Physiological and pathological basis of muscle spasm
1. Muscle spindle: Muscle is composed of many muscle fibers, and a part of the specific muscle fibers form a muscle spindle. Muscle spindle is a kind of receptor, which is dominated by gamma motor neurons and is sensitive to muscle tension. When muscle contraction, muscle spindle is shortened. There are two types of sensory fibers in the muscle spindle, one that is sensitive to the speed of muscle movement and the other that is sensitive to the length of the muscle. Both can send feedback information to control the activity of active muscles, synergistic muscles, antagonistic muscles by exciting or inhibiting spinal alpha motor neurons, limiting muscle overactivity and ensuring coordination of movements.
2. Spinal anterior horn motor neurons: 1 Spinal anterior horn motor neurons are divided into large alpha motor neurons and small gamma motor neurons. The former emits fibers to innervate skeletal muscle fibers, causing contraction of skeletal muscle. The latter dominates the intrafusal muscle fibers in the muscle spindle, regulating muscle fiber tension and plays an important role in maintaining muscle tone. 2 A variety of excitatory and inhibitory signals on the spinal cord and spinal cord, and finally into the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord, called the final public pathway. The relative balance of incoming, excitatory, and inhibitory responses to a given number of signals determines when motor neurons are active and active. The discharge of each motor neuron is transmitted down to the motor axon, resulting in a contraction of the motor unit. 3 Afferent spinal cord afferent, reflex spinal cord or spinal cord afferent, or a combination of both, can cause motor neuron discharge and cause muscle contraction. 4 is the result of partial or complete attenuation of the afferent signal from the segment, excessive reflex excitability under the spinal cord or spinal cord.
3. Extrapyramidal: The cortical-spinal passage of the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate gyrus, and the posterior lobes of the parietal lobes are extrapyramidal. The function of the extrapyramidal system is mainly to regulate muscle tone and coordinate the movement of various muscles. The activity of the extrapyramidal system is carried out under the guidance of the cone system, but the extrapyramidal system also provides the most suitable conditions for the function of the cone system. Only in the extrapyramidal system, the limbs are kept stable and the muscles are properly tensioned and coordinated. Under the cone system can perform precise random motion.
4. Stretch reflex: refers to the reflex contraction of the muscle after the muscle is pulled. Stretch reflex is a spinal reflex that increases the stretch reflex after the spinal cord loses control of the advanced nerve center. Deafness may occur in any upper motor neuron from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord, but the nature of the sputum varies depending on the site of the injury. For example, in the cortical or capsular lesion, the cortical inhibition of motion is lost, while the brain stem is lost. The downward command of the spinal cord to the movement may be abnormally active and the stretch reflex is enhanced. If the cervical spinal cord segment is subjected to transverse injury, the control of the movement of the various pathways in the passageway is completely lost, and the sensitivity of the motor neurons to the periphery is increased, which may lead to enhanced stretch reflex and cause paralysis.
There are several situations in which the following are more likely to cause muscle spasm
1. When you have muscle fatigue after a long period of exercise, you still exercise.
2. Poor local circulation.
3. Excessive loss of water and salt.
4. Insufficient levels of minerals (such as magnesium and calcium) in severe diarrhoea, vomiting and diet.
5. The ambient temperature suddenly changes.
6. Muscle or tendon laceration.
7. Excessive emotional stress.
8. Engage in exercise or muscle coordination in an inappropriate position.
9. The incidence of cramps in some chronic diseases and pregnant women will also increase, so be careful.
Prevention
Muscle spasm prevention
Ways to prevent cramps:
1. Do not perform long-term or intense exercise in poorly ventilated spaces or in confined spaces.
2. Before, during and after long-term exercise, there must be sufficient water and electrolyte supplements.
3. Ingest enough minerals (such as calcium and magnesium) and electrolytes (such as potassium and sodium) in your daily diet. Mineral intake can be obtained from foods such as milk, yogurt, green leafy vegetables, etc. The electrolyte can be obtained from bananas, oranges, celery, natural foods, etc. or some low-sugar drinks.
4. Do not wear too tight or too heavy clothes for sports or work.
5. Check for protective sticking, sheathing, and footwear before exercise.
6. Do adequate preparation and stretching before exercise.
7. Appropriate insulation should be done after cold weather exercise. If you swim, you should immediately change the swimsuit and put on warm clothing.
8. Work or work in a relaxed mood.
9. Those who are prone to cramps during sleep at night, need to do some stretching exercises before going to bed, which is the extension of the parts that are easy to cramp.
10. Do not practice excessively.
11. Proper massage of muscles that are easily cramped before exercise.
Here are 4 tips for prevention before leg cramps:
1. Wear comfortable shoes. Problems with flat feet and other body structures make it particularly prone to leg cramps in some people. The right shoe is one of the ways to make up.
2, pull the bedding. Many people like to hold the quilt tight when they sleep. But especially when lying on the back, the quilt may hold the foot, which makes the gastrocnemius and plantar muscles tight. Tight muscles are prone to convulsions. As long as you will be pulled a little, you can do it.
3. Stretch your muscles. Stretching the gastrocnemius and foot muscles before going to bed can help prevent cramps in the first place. The method of stretching is the same as stretching the gastrocnemius and foot muscles when the leg is cramped. It is also possible to place the front of the foot on the first step of the stair step and slowly press down on the heel so that the heel position is lower than the step position.
4, a lot of drinking water. If you have a large amount of activity (including walking, tidying up the garden, doing housework), you need to replenish the liquid to avoid dehydration, but don't overdo it. A large amount of fluid can dilute the concentration of sodium in the blood, which can cause various problems, including muscle cramps. How much water you should drink depends on the amount of activity you have and the food you eat. Because thirst stimulation becomes weaker with age, we may forget to drink enough water when we are old. Some people are also worried about the increase in the number of toilets because of too much water, especially at night.
Prevention and treatment of cramps caused by hypocalcemia, the main methods are: diet should use high calcium content and beneficial to nutritional balance of fresh food, such as milk, drink a cup of milk before going to sleep has obvious curative effect; eat some soy products or It is also a kelp and so on. It can also be supplemented with calcium. In the food, add calcium calcium powder, calcium bicarbonate, etc.; under the guidance of a doctor, take calcium calcium tablets, calcium mother, calcium lactate and other calcium-containing drugs. At the same time, pay attention to eating more foods containing vitamin D. Calf cramps are usually caused by osteoporosis caused by calcium loss. There are many reasons for calcium loss, and weight loss is the number one culprit. Many women reject all fat-related foods during the weight loss process. As everyone knows, while losing fat, it also weakens the bones. In addition, smoking, drinking, drinking tea or coffee can cause calcium loss. Don't be superstitious about calcium supplementation. Calcium supplementation is more effective than medication. The most effective exercise method for calcium supplementation is aerobic exercise combined with strength exercise. In addition, increasing the intake of dairy products in the diet can also easily make up calcium.
However, leg cramps are not necessarily calcium deficiency, and middle-aged and elderly leg cramps are likely to suffer from lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease.
Complication
Muscle spasm complications Complications
Radon is a pathophysiological state. Its impact on patients includes: 1 increase the resistance of exercise, making random movement difficult to complete; 2 due to increased resistance, slow movement, difficult to control, difficult to complete delicate movements; 3 due to slow response, difficult coordination of movement, easy to fall; 4 Strong and straight, inconvenient care, prone to complications such as pressure sores; 5 affect gait and activities of daily living.
Symptom
Muscle spasm symptoms Common symptoms Hip sore muscle pain Muscle spasm pain Local limb twitching Limb stiffness twitching Muscle bruises Muscle neuralgia Hip muscle injury Muscle pain
Common symptoms include:
A muscle, especially the muscles of the legs, with severe and sudden spastic or tensional pain.
The affected muscles are hard to touch.
In some cases, muscles can be seen to deform or twitch subcutaneously.
Other extremely severe tendons of the upper arms and thighs, without warning before starting, can sometimes affect the abdominal muscles, which are typical of severe convulsions.
In the back disease period, menstrual period can be accompanied by persistent lower abdominal muscle spasm pain.
Seek medical attention in the following situations:
Often suffer from muscle cramps.
Muscle spasm lasts for more than an hour.
Hemorrhoids occur in the chest and upper arms, which can indicate severe heart disease and abdominal problems and require urgent medical attention.
Examine
Muscle spasm check
Evaluation of muscle spasm
1. Improved Ashworth classification improved Ashworth classification is the main method for clinical evaluation of sputum. The manual examination is performed by the examiner based on the resistance felt when the subject's joints are passively moved.
2. Biomechanical assessment methods include pendulum test and isokinetic device evaluation methods.
Examination of hemifacial spasm
To do a brain MRI scan + facial nerve 3D-CISS scan to see if there is a tumor, and then the secondary nerve has no vascular compression. There is no special treatment for the treatment, mainly the craniotomy and microvascular decompression surgery, so that the blood vessels and facial nerves are separated. The facial nerve and the nucleus are relieved of pressure to achieve the purpose of radical cure.
Diagnosis
Muscle spasm diagnosis
Diagnosis of various types of muscle spasm
1. Calf muscles after walking: After walking, calf tendon is also a frequent occurrence. Due to excessive walking or running time, the muscles of the lower limbs are overworked.
2, muscle tension pain: muscle tension pain is a clinical manifestation of neurasthenia. Neurasthenia is a neurosis characterized by brain and physical dysfunction. It is characterized by emotional excitement but fatigue. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as nervousness, trouble, irritability, and other physiological symptoms such as muscle tension pain and sleep disorders.
3, neck and back muscle spasm: neck and back muscle spasm is one of the clinical manifestations of cervical spondylosis, cervical spondylosis, also known as cervical vertebra syndrome, is cervical osteoarthritis, proliferative cervical spondylitis, cervical nerve root syndrome, cervical disc herniation In general, it is a condition based on degenerative pathological changes.
4, facial muscle spasm: facial spasm, also known as facial muscle twitching or hemifacial spasm, is a common and frequently-occurring disease. Because the initial symptoms of facial paralysis are eyelid beating, the folks also have the title of left eye jumping for money and right eye jumping disaster, so they generally do not attract peoples attention. After a period of lesion formation, they develop into hemifacial spasm. To the corner of the mouth, severely attached to the neck. Facial paralysis can be divided into two types, one is the original facial facial paralysis, and the other is facial facial paralysis caused by facial paralysis sequelae. Both types can be distinguished from symptom manifestations. The original facial sputum can also occur in a static state, relieved after a few minutes, and is uncontrolled; facial paralysis caused by sequelae of facial paralysis is only caused by blinking, raising eyebrows and the like.
5, muscle beating: benign muscle tremor syndrome is a common neurological symptoms, manifested as involuntary muscle bundles in the body's local muscles, that is, we usually say "meat jump." When the muscles continue to involuntarily contracture or hard or bulge, severe pain, and sometimes difficult to relieve symptoms, the diagnosis can be based on symptoms.
