Gastroenteritis
Introduction
Introduction to gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa caused by food poisoning. Gastroenteritis is a common and frequently-occurring disease in summer and autumn. Mostly due to infections such as bacteria and viruses. Mainly manifested as upper gastrointestinal tract and varying degrees of diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, followed by the loss of electrolytes and fluids, belonging to Chinese medicine "vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea" and other diseases. The most common is food that is infected with bacteria, cooked or partially cooked, and is particularly susceptible to bacteria. Staphylococcus and Salmonella are usually from people who handle food. Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common pathogens. Campylobacter is often found in contaminated poultry, meat and fish. There are many types of E. coli, mostly harmless, but there are several types of acute gastroenteritis that can cause newborn babies, which often spread in the nursery. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: 0.01% - 20% (common diseases, the acute incidence is about 10-20%, the chronic is about 0.01--0.03%) Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: electrolyte imbalance
Cause
Cause of gastroenteritis
Bacterial infection (35%):
The causes of bacteria include: the most common foods that are infected with bacteria, cooked or partially cooked, are particularly susceptible to bacteria. Staphylococcus and Salmonella are usually from people who handle food. Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common pathogens. Campylobacter is often found in contaminated poultry, meat and fish. There are many types of E. coli, mostly harmless, but there are several types of acute gastroenteritis that can cause newborn babies, which often spread in the nursery.
Virus infection (25%):
Viral infections can also cause gastroenteritis and enteritis. The rotavirus is the most common pathogen causing diarrhea in children. In addition, viruses that can cause gastroenteritis include adenovirus, enterovirus, hand, foot and mouth virus, and the like. This infection can occur within two days.
Food infection (20%):
The toxins produced by some plants during their growth can also cause gastroenteritis, such as yew, blue-leaved nightshade, morning glory, and horse chestnut, all of which contain toxins, which are produced by potato tubers. The shoots are also toxic.
Chemical factors (15%):
Toxic chemicals such as arsenic, lead and various pesticides. If you take these chemicals, you can get sick within a few hours.
Disease infection (5%):
Diseases such as amebiasis and piriflagellate can also cause symptoms of gastroenteritis.
Prevention
Gastroenteritis prevention
First, the diet is regular, the diet should be regularly quantified, do not overeating.
Second, pay attention to food hygiene, try to eat less irritating food, and can not drink and smoke.
Third, keep the spirit happy.
Complication
Gastroenteritis complications Complications electrolyte disorder
Dehydration caused by diarrhea and vomiting is a serious complication of gastroenteritis. The course of gastroenteritis is long and the disease is slow. The main symptoms are the same as acute, which can cause cachexia. Other complicated diseases such as electrolyte imbalance, intestinal perforation and sepsis.
Symptom
Symptoms of gastroenteritis common symptoms abdominal pain, hunger, upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, bowel, anal bulge, anal vomiting
1, systemic symptoms: chronic consumption symptoms, lack of vitality, lack of energy, lazy words, limbs fatigue, like temperature and cold. For example, in the acute inflammatory phase, in addition to fever, loss of water, acidosis or shock bleeding can be seen.
2, digestive tract symptoms: often present intermittent abdominal pain, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea is the main manifestation of this disease. In case of cold, greasy things or emotional fluctuations, or especially after exertion. The number of stools increased, several times a day or dozens of times, the anus fell, the stool was unhappy. In the acute onset of chronic enteritis, high fever, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting, and urges such as water or sticky blood can be seen.
3, physical signs: long-term abdominal discomfort or less abdominal pain, the body can be seen in the abdomen, umbilical or abdomen mainly, mild tenderness, bowel sounds hyperthyroidism, rectal prolapse.
Examine
Gastroenteritis examination
1, physical aspects: early or mild cases without any signs. During the examination, there was light tenderness in the upper abdomen or umbilical cord, and the bowel sounds were often hyperactive.
2, regular stool examination and stool culture.
3. The white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.
4, do gastric juice analysis and examination, chronic superficial gastritis patients with gastric acid is often normal or slightly lower, while chronic atrophic gastritis gastric acid is significantly reduced, and may be accompanied by anemia (hemoglobin is lower than normal).
5, gastroscopy plus gastric biopsy pathological examination can be diagnosed as superficial or atrophic gastritis; gastroscopy can also take a stomach biopsy to do a test to see if there is Helicobacter pylori infection.
Diagnosis
Gastroenteritis diagnosis and identification
1, gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea is the main symptom of this disease.
2, systemic symptoms: general systemic symptoms are mild, severe patients have fever, water loss, acidosis, shock and other symptoms, and even can be expressed as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
3, physical signs: early or mild cases without any signs. During the examination, there was light tenderness in the upper abdomen or umbilical cord, and the bowel sounds were often hyperactive.
4. Regular stool examination and stool culture.
5, blood white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.
