tonsillitis
Introduction
Introduction to tonsillitis The tonsil is a pair of flat ovoid tissue, located in the tonsil socket, with small depressions on its surface called the tonsil crypt. When inflammation occurs in the tonsils, exfoliated epithelium, lymphocytes, and bacteria accumulate in the crypt opening, and a point-like bean dregs appear on the surface of the tonsil. Tonsillitis can be divided into acute tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis. After suffering from acute infectious diseases (such as scarlet fever, measles, flu, diphtheria, etc.), it can cause chronic tonsillitis, and nasal sinus infection can also be associated with this disease. Normal human pharynx and tonsil crypt contain some pathogens in the body. When the defense ability is normal, it should not cause disease. Type B hemolytic streptococcus is the main pathogen of this disease. Non-hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza bacillus and adenovirus or rhinovirus, herpes simplex virus can also cause this disease. Mixed infections of bacteria and viruses are not uncommon. In recent years, people with anaerobic infections have also been found to have an upward trend in Gram-negative bacilli infection. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the incidence of this disease is higher, 70% of the general population has patients Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pharyngitis, acute otitis media, peritonsillar abscess
Cause
Causes of tonsillitis
Bacterial infection (35%):
Type B hemolytic streptococcus is the main pathogen of this disease. Non-hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza bacillus and adenovirus or rhinovirus, herpes simplex virus can also cause this disease. Mixed infections of bacteria and viruses are not uncommon. In recent years, people with anaerobic infections have also been found to have an upward trend in Gram-negative bacilli infection.
Reduced immunity (25%):
Normal human pharynx and tonsil crypt contain some pathogens in the body. When the defense ability is normal, it should not cause disease. When the body's resistance is reduced, the pathogens multiply, the toxins destroy the crypt epithelium, and the bacteria invade their essence and cause inflammation.
Environmental factors (20%):
It can be induced by cold, damp, overwork, excessive alcohol and tobacco, harmful gas stimulation, and chronic lesions in the upper respiratory tract. Pathogens of acute tonsillitis can be transmitted by droplets or direct contact. It is usually sporadic and occasionally outbreaks in collective living (such as troops, factories, schools).
Prevention
Tonsillitis prevention
1, for the frail and sick baby, experts recommend to strengthen the exercise, enhance the body's resistance, in the season of colds or see the baby's face redness, mild cough, etc., can use Banlangen granules as tea, can play a preventive role.
2. For the baby who has chronic tonsil hypertrophy, in addition to the above measures, additional protection measures should be added. It is better to use a light salt water to gargle in the morning and evening. In many children's hospitals, there are also mouthwashes for chronic tonsillitis, which are particularly good for preventing recurrent episodes of chronic tonsillitis.
3. Parents should urge their children to brush their teeth every morning and evening, rinse their mouths after meals, and avoid food residues in the mouth. Eat on time, drink plenty of water, eat more vegetables, fruits, not partial meat, especially not to eat fried chicken, fried fish, because these foods are hot food, children eat easy to get angry, resulting in tonsillitis.
Complication
Tonsillitis complications Complications, otitis, acute otitis media, peritonsillar abscess
Both acute and chronic tonsillitis can cause a variety of complications.
Local complications: acute otitis media, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenitis, abscess around the tonsils.
Systemic complications: common rheumatism, acute glomerulonephritis, sepsis, arthritis, skin disorders (such as psoriasis), myocarditis, bronchial asthma, etc.
Symptom
Tonsils inflammatory symptoms Common symptoms tonsil congestion hypertrophy tonsils congestion and fever with cold appetite poor appetite sore throat sore throat on the tonsils with white saliva secretion increased convulsions chills
1, systemic symptoms: acute onset, chills, high fever, up to 39 ~ 40 ° C, generally lasts 3 to 5 days, especially children can be convulsions due to high fever, vomiting or lethargy, loss of appetite and so on.
2, local symptoms: sore throat is the most obvious symptom, aggravation when swallowing or coughing, severe can be radiated to the ear, this is caused by nerve reflex, children often cry because of the inability to swallow. If children suffer from tonsil swelling and can interfere with their sleep, they often wake up at night.
Examine
Examination of tonsillitis
Blood, urine routine examination, platelet count, throat swab smear examination and bacterial culture are of great significance for the differential diagnosis of other diseases.
Physical examination
1, acute illness, complexion flushing, bad breath, thick tongue coating, cervical lymph nodes, especially at the mandibular angle, the lymph nodes are often swollen and tender.
2, pharyngeal examination see tonsil congestion, swelling, the surface may have yellow-white purulent secretions, and sometimes the exudate can be fused into a membrane.
Hematology examination
The total number of white blood cells increased and neutrophils increased.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of tonsillitis
According to the medical history, typical symptoms and examinations, the diagnosis is easier. Need to pay attention to the differentiation of pharyngeal diphtheria, scarlet fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, ulcerative membranous angina, mononuclear leukocytosis, granulocytic leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia. Acute onset, chills, high fever, up to 39 ~ 40 ° C, usually lasts 3 to 5 days, especially children can be convulsions, vomiting or lethargy due to high fever, loss of appetite and so on.
