Skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and their fractionated products
Introduction
Introduction to skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and fractionated products Dermatological diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar, shale oil and their fractionated products (dermatosesduetopetroleum, coaltar, shaleoi1, andtheirsderivatives) are caused by skin fat damage caused by crude oil extraction, fractionation product extraction and various product use. . Petroleum and its fractionated products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, various lubricating oils, paraffin, asphalt, etc., coal tar and its fractionated products such as light oil, medium oil, heavy oil, such as eucalyptus oil, coal tar, asphalt, shale oil and Fractionated products such as shale gasoline, shale diesel, shale lubricants, and the like. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: contact dermatitis folliculitis acne
Cause
The cause of skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and its fractionated products
(1) Causes of the disease
It is caused by skin mucous membrane damage caused by crude oil extraction, fractionation product extraction and various product use.
(two) pathogenesis
Petroleum and its fractionated products are hydrocarbons that act on the skin or mucous membranes through chemical stimulation, allergic reactions, photosensitivity, mechanical stimulation, toxic stimuli, etc., causing a variety of pathologies such as dermatitis, acne, folliculitis, photosensitive dermatitis, Pigmentation, phlegm and tumors.
Prevention
Prevention of skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and fractionated products thereof
1. Minimize the chance of direct contact with the skin, wash hands with gasoline and diesel, replace the oily clothes in time, workers who are exposed to mineral oil, wear protective gloves when working, shower after work every day, and keep the overalls clean.
2. People with obvious seborrheic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rickets and other skin diseases should not be exposed to mineral oil.
3. Improve operation and handling methods, such as improving the working conditions of practitioners, improving production technology, and mechanizing and automating the operation process as much as possible. Reduce contact, install good and effective ventilation, exhaust and vacuum equipment to reduce harmful gases and dust to the human body. When transporting asphalt, take the necessary protective measures as much as possible at night or on cloudy days.
4. The skin of the exposed part can be protected from the light protective cream. In addition to the contact with the light-sensitive dermatitis to avoid light stimulation, it can be treated according to the different conditions of the skin lesion.
Complication
Skin disease complications caused by petroleum, coal tar and fractionated products Complications Contact dermatitis Folliculitis Acne
Contact dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, folliculitis, blackheads and acne, hyperpigmentation, phototoxic dermatitis, sputum and tumors, mucosal damage, nail changes.
Symptom
Symptoms of skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and its fractionated products Common symptoms Edema mucosal damage, tears, diarrhea, nausea, dry skin, blackheads, palpitations, papules, fatigue
More common in crude oil mining, fractionation product extraction processing and the use of various products practitioners. Skin damage occurs in the hands, forearms, face, neck, mucosal damage is more common in the respiratory tract and the eye, skin damage includes the following:
1. Contact dermatitis: Those who are allergic to gasoline or diesel, acute contact dermatitis in the contact area, redness, papules, small blisters, itch and pain. Long-term exposure can cause chronic eczema-like changes. A small number of patients have urticaria-like damage.
2. Hyperkeratosis: long-term exposure to gasoline, engine oil, diesel, asphalt, etc. can degrease the skin, appear dry, desquamation, chapped, bleeding, long-term skin hyperkeratosis, a small number can cause skin atrophy.
3. Frequent exposure to industrial oil: such as cutting oil, engine oil, diesel, crude oil and asphalt, can occur folliculitis, blackheads and acne-like damage.
4. Pigmentation: long-term exposure to petroleum, tar and its fractionation products, especially asphalt, can cause pigmentation in the contact parts. The skin lesions are mainly distributed on the extremities of the extremities, the buttocks, the medial side and the neck and neck. Repeated or long-term exposure to coal tar pitch can cause facial, especially severe and extensive itching around the eyes. It will soon appear diffuse gray-brown reticular pigmentation, with obvious follicular keratosis on the forearm and phalanx, and the bristles are broken. Epidermal atrophy and telangiectasia appear, and the skin color is changed like tar black.
5. Phototoxic dermatitis: exposure to asphalt, coal tar, heavy oil, eucalyptus oil after exposure to sunlight can cause acute phototoxic dermatitis. It is more common in asphalt. Among them, dermatitis caused by coal tar and asphalt is the most common and serious, and dermatitis caused by other kinds of asphalt is extremely rare. Exposure to asphalt (including smoke caused by asphalt heating) can cause acute phototoxic dermatitis after exposure to sunlight. It usually occurs after several hours or 1-2 days. It is more common in exposed parts such as face, neck and back. The limbs, etc., manifested as erythema, edema, blisters, bullae, etc., consciously burning, stinging and varying degrees of itching, severe cases may be associated with dizziness, headache, fatigue, thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Cough, chest tightness, palpitations and other systemic symptoms, even shortness of breath and even fainting. Despuration occurs within a few days after disengagement, and pigmentation often remains after regression. Repeated episodes or long-term contact may result in dry, keratinized, rough skin with mossy changes and hyperpigmentation.
6. Warts and tumors: Long-term exposure (more than 10 years) coal tar, shale oil and high-boiling petroleum distillate and bitumen can cause epidermal hyperplasia, formation of keratinized sputum and tumor-like damage. Damage occurs in the exposed parts of the arms, neck and neck, and scrotum, etc., and the number of damage varies. Epithelial cancer is more common in workers over the age of 40. Verrucous lesions and epithelial cancer can also occur after many years of dissociation of carcinogens.
7. Mucosal damage: long-term exposure to tar, asphalt can cause acute pharyngitis, laryngitis, rhinitis, bronchitis and conjunctivitis, keratitis, blurred vision, photophobia and tears.
8. A change: long-term exposure to gasoline, oil, diesel, etc. can also occur nail changes such as flat nails, spoon-shaped nails, nail detachment, paronychia and so on.
Examine
Examination of skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and fractionated products thereof
Laboratory inspection
(1) Skin histopathological examination: Some skin diseases have their own pathological changes, which can be diagnosed and differentially diagnosed accordingly.
(2) Skin test:
1 spot towel test. Used to check for contact allergens.
2 scratch test or piton test. Used to determine if a substance has an allergic reaction (type I).
3 leprosy test. It is used to judge the immune status of leprosy patients.
4 sputum test. Helps diagnose the bacillary rash.
(3) Microbiological examination: Examination of dermatophytes, leprosy, and plague helps to diagnose the corresponding skin diseases.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of skin diseases caused by petroleum, coal tar and fractionated products
Differential diagnosis
The disease should be differentiated from contact dermatitis and other skin pigmentation diseases.
1. Contact dermatitis: The initial performance of the lesion is consistent with tar blackening, but it is usually exposed to other chemical raw materials, and there is no melanin deposition of the skin, so it is easy to identify clearly according to clinical characteristics.
2. Familial progressive pigmentation: This disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, often pigmentation of the skin after birth, with progressive growth with age, often brown or dark brown pigmentation, There is an island-like normal skin between them. Invasion of the whole body including the palmar, oral and vulvar mucosa and conjunctiva can be involved, so it can be identified according to its clinical characteristics and medical history.
