Adenoid hypertrophy in children

Introduction

Introduction to adenoid hypertrophy in children Adenoidal hypertrophy is a hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil. Children's adenoid hypertrophy is often physiological. When the baby is born, the nasopharynx has lymphoid tissue and proliferates with age. When it is 6 years old, it reaches the maximum extent, and then gradually degenerates. If it affects general health or neighboring organs, it is only It is called adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoidal mastoid adenoids undergo pathological hyperplasia due to repeated stimulation of inflammation, which causes symptoms of nasal blockage and mouth breathing, especially at night, and sleep snoring and restless sleep. Children often turn over from time to time. Obviously, apnea may occur when severe. basic knowledge Probability ratio: Susceptible people: more common in children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: headache

Cause

Causes of adenoid hypertrophy in children

Childhood is prone to acute rhinitis, acute tonsillitis and influenza, etc., if repeated episodes, adenoids can rapidly proliferate and hypertrophy, resulting in increased nasal obstruction, obstructing nasal drainage, and rhinitis and sinusitis secretions stimulate the adenoid to continue Hyperplasia, forming a vicious circle of mutual causality. More common in children, often combined with chronic tonsillitis.

Acute rhinitis (26%):

Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often accompanied by acute nasopharyngitis. The latter is an acute inflammation of the nasopharynx mucosa and is part of the upper respiratory tract infection, commonly known as "cold" or "cold". The disease often occurs in the season of climate change, which is caused by the spread of the virus by droplets.

Acute tonsillitis (22%):

Acute tonsillitis is a non-specific acute inflammation of the tonsil, often accompanied by a degree of acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and pharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Chinese medicine is called "milk moth", "throat moth" or "lianfang moth". Often occurring in children and adolescents.

Influenza (20%):

Influenza (referred to as influenza) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus, and it is also a disease that is highly contagious and spreads rapidly. It is mainly transmitted by droplets in the air, contact between people or contact with contaminated objects.

Prevention

Child adenoid hypertrophy prevention

1, try to avoid children with long-term cold, runny nose, stuffy nose, cough, sputum nose, rubbing eyes, sneezing and other symptoms, if accompanied by poor hearing, obvious snoring and other symptoms, you should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

2, experts remind parents that mold allergy is a serious problem for children living in a hot and humid climate. Therefore, parents should pay attention to avoid or reduce exposure of children with allergic rhinitis to mold allergens.

3, pay attention to the child's health, develop a good habit of washing hands before meals.

Complication

Children with adenoid hypertrophy Complications

1, a small number of chronic nasal obstruction, long-term hypoxia and pulmonary heart disease, and even acute heart failure.

2, prolonged adenoid hypertrophy, the child's nose becomes flat, the nose is not well developed, the eye distance is widened, the mouth is breathing, the facial expression is sluggish, showing a special adenoid face.

3, children with long-term mouth breathing, nose is not ventilated, easy to cause head ischemia, hypoxia, mental weakness, headache, dizziness, slow response and so on. Greatly affect the child's physical development and intellectual development.

4, stunting: due to pediatric adenoid hypertrophy leading to long-term nose blockage, the brain is in a state of ischemia, hypoxia, resulting in children's spirit, loss of appetite, memory loss, slow response, headache, dizziness and so on.

5, snoring: adenoid hypertrophy blocked the respiratory tract, causing the airway to be narrow and not smooth, the gas flow is blocked, and the snoring sounds with the breath.

Symptom

Children with adenoid hypertrophy symptoms common symptoms talking with nasal sounds baby sleeping snoring mouth breathing cough

First, local symptoms

Children with adenoid hypertrophy blocked the nostrils and eustachian tube throat, can develop symptoms such as ear, nasopharynx. It is characterized by mouth breathing when sleeping, often snoring after the tongue root falls, no rest in the night, more nasal secretion, occlusive nasal sound when speaking, and vague voice. Due to long-term mouth breathing, the facial bone development disorder, the maxilla bone lengthened, the hard palate is high arch, the dentition is not complete, the upper incisor is exposed, the lip is thick, the face lacks expression, and the dementia manifests, forming an "adenoplasty face". Mutual discomfort between swallowing and breathing, often coughing. The secretions irritate the respiratory mucosa and are prone to bronchitis. Due to obstruction of the eustachian tube, it is easy to cause hearing loss due to non-suppurative otitis media, and the tympanic membrane is invaginated.

Second, systemic symptoms

Often there are systemic nutrition and developmental disorders, mainly manifested as chronic poisoning reflex neurological symptoms, such as slow expression, chest tightness, poor lung expansion, long-term chicken breast or flat chest. A small number of chronic heart failure, long-term hypoxia and pulmonary heart disease, and even acute heart failure. Check the adenoid face, the hard palate is high and narrow, the posterior nasal examination shows that the nasopharynx has a pink, lobulated lymphoid tissue block, the nasopharyngeal palpation can touch the soft mass, if necessary, can be used as X-ray nasopharynx A slice that helps diagnose.

Examine

Examination of adenoid hypertrophy in children

1. The child has a mouthful of breathing, sometimes showing an "adenoid face".

2, oropharyngeal examination: hard sputum is high and narrow, often accompanied by sputum tonsil hypertrophy.

3, anterior nasal examination: full contraction of the nasal mucosa after examination, may see a red block bulge in the nasopharynx.

4, fiber nasopharyngoscopy: on the top and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, there are lobulated lymphoid tissues with longitudinal fissures on the surface, like a half peeled small orange.

5, palpation: use your fingers for nasopharyngeal palpation, in the nasopharynx and posterior wall can be soft and soft.

6, X-ray nasopharynx lateral film, which is helpful for diagnosis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis and differentiation of adenoidal hypertrophy in children

Differential diagnosis

1, pharyngeal cyst: the position is located between the left and right head long muscles, liquid low-density stove or round gas sample, the edge is clear.

2, posterior pharyngeal wall abscess: Most patients have a history of pharyngeal foreign body stab wounds, local thickening of soft tissue shadows are more extensive, can be seen in the oropharynx, nasopharyngeal, laryngopharyngeal front, density uneven, visible in the abscess Air shadow, visible examination of the abscess wall more uniform enhancement.

3, nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the age of onset is usually relatively large, with a history of sputum with bloodshot, CT examination see thickening of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

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