eczema in children
Introduction
Introduction to Pediatric Eczema Pediatric eczema is an allergic skin disease, which is commonly called allergic skin disease. The main cause is intolerance or allergies to food, inhalation or contact. Children with eczema initially have red skin, a rash, followed by rough skin and scaling, and the skin of the child is like touching the sandpaper. Eczema can be noticeable when exposed to heat or humidity. Pediatric eczema and adult eczema are essentially the same thing. However, pediatric eczema is not exactly the same as adult eczema. Pediatric eczema continues from infant eczema; it does not occur in infancy but does not start in early childhood. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.08%-0.1% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: herpes simplex virus infection
Cause
Pediatric eczema etiology
Genetic factors (25%):
The cause of baby eczema is complicated, and allergic factors are the most important, so there is a family history of allergies (such as father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, brothers and sisters and other family members have had eczema, allergic rhinitis, allergies Children with dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, food allergies and drug allergies are prone to eczema.
The body is intolerant to protein (25%):
About 20% of babies have varying degrees of intolerance to milk proteins, often with varying degrees of eczema, and severe cases of diarrhea or even blood in the stool. In general, babies are only intolerant to milk protein, but individual children are not tolerant to breast milk proteins. This intolerance is more intense than the beginning of January to February. It usually reaches a peak around 4 months after birth. With the addition of complementary foods, the situation has begun to improve, and it generally disappears around 2 years old. However, some children will get more and more rashes, and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and even allergic asthma will appear in the future.
Predisposing factors (30%):
In the case of eczema, many substances can induce or aggravate the symptoms of eczema, such as protein in food, especially fish, shrimp, eggs and milk, contact with chemicals (skin care products, toiletries, detergents, etc.), wool products, Chemical fiber products, plants (various plant pollen), animal leather and feathers, infection (virus infection, bacterial infection, etc.), sun exposure, high ambient temperature or wearing too warm, cold, etc., can stimulate the baby's eczema recurrence or Aggravated.
There is a special type of pediatric eczema that happens around the child's anus, often accompanied by a tapeworm infection called aphid eczema.
Prevention
Pediatric eczema prevention
1, remove the cause
(1) Although the cause of eczema is not easy to be clear, we should still ask for a detailed history, conduct necessary systematic examinations, try to find possible causes and remove them.
(2) People with allergies should avoid physical contact with substances that are allergic to them (see sensitizers in the cause) in addition to clothing, food, shelter, etc., as well as physical exercise to improve allergies.
2, to avoid irritating factors Once eczema occurs, as a patient, try to avoid stimulating factors, including scratching, boiling water, soap, scrub, drinking and spicy food, so as not to aggravate the condition of eczema.
3, early diagnosis, early treatment according to clinical itching severe, pleural damage, oozing tendency, good limbs flexion and easy recurrent episodes, easy to diagnose. For densely distributed red papules, herpes, with severe itching, should be treated early. Since most of the early eczema belongs to the acute phase or the subacute phase, the external drug treatment should follow the corresponding principle.
4, allergic constitution or family history of allergies, to avoid a variety of external stimuli, such as hot water scalding, scratching, sun exposure, etc., try to avoid sensitization and irritating food.
5, life should be regular, pay attention to work and rest.
6, clothing should be loose, to reduce friction and stimulation, do not let chemical fiber and wool directly contact the skin.
7, eczema, especially chronic, most of them have not been cured through years of treatment, patients often lose confidence. In fact, eczema is not an "incurable disease", because the cause of the disease is extremely complicated, which brings difficulties to treatment. Patients should work with a doctor to build a cure.
Complication
Pediatric eczema complications Complications herpes simplex virus infection
In addition to common Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, herpes simplex virus infections, convulsions, or infectious plaques are rare. Some children may also have increased eczema if they are allergic to food or something in the environment. Symptoms.
Symptom
Pediatric Eczema Symptoms Common Symptoms Baby Eczema Scars Infants Hot Skin Spotted Capsules Wind Ducts Ursus Erythema (Boundary Clear
1. Dry type: Eczema is manifested in red papules, which may have redness and swelling of the skin. There are suede-like desquamation and dry thrift on the papules, which is very itchy.
2, seborrheic type: eczema is characterized by skin flushing, small maculopapular oozing yellowish fatty liquid covering the rash, later formed a thick yellow suede, difficult to remove, to the top of the head and eyebrows, nose, ears More common after, but the itch is not obvious.
3, exudation type: more common in fatter babies, red rash between the water sores and erythema, may have skin tissue swelling, itching, yellow pulp oozing or bleeding after scratching, rash can be to the trunk, limbs and body Spread and easily secondary to skin infections.
Baby eczema is seen on the face. Light (dry) only erythema, pimples. Heavy (wet) blistering, erosion, water seepage, scarring. It usually heals after 3 to 4 years old. Most people do not relapse, and a small number of people will recur.
Eczema in children continues from infantile eczema; it does not occur in infancy and only begins in early childhood. Children with eczema have a longer period of disease, and the rash is more complicated than infant eczema. In addition to erythema, blisters, erosion, and crusting, there are also papules, small nodules, small winds and moss. The rash is more itchy, bloody, and scratches. The predilection site is often not in the face but in the flexor and wrinkles of the extremities, such as the armpits, elbow fossa, and groin. The rash is mostly dry, and it is easy to merge with purulent infection after scratching.
Examine
Pediatric eczema inspection
Most rashes are on the cheeks, forehead, between the eyebrows and the head. In severe cases, there may also be rashes on the chest, back, and limbs. According to the polymorphism of the original rash in the acute stage, it is easy to have exudate, severe itching, symmetry attack and chronic infiltration, hypertrophy and other characteristics are not difficult to diagnose.
Laboratory tests: no specificity, eosinophils may increase in the blood.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of pediatric eczema
1. Diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine
Baby eczema is also known as milk thistle, wet sores. It is characterized by erythematous miliary papules, acne rashes or blister rupture, which are characterized by punctate erosion, exudation, scarring and severe itching.
(1) Skin lesions occur mostly on the cheeks and then on the cheeks. The scalp can also spread over the body. It is often severely itchy, accompanied by restlessness, irritability, and prolonged.
(2) Skin lesions are wet and dry. For wet people, erythema, blisters, erosion, and diagnosis are the main manifestations. They are more common in 1-3 years old. Dry skin is dry and desquamation is the main diagnostic solution. Seen in the 1 year old and thin children.
(3) When the skin lesions are light and heavy, the time is more frequent, often in fever, the symptoms suddenly disappear when diarrhea, to be hot, the symptoms suddenly disappear when diarrhea, the skin lesions appear after the diarrhea stops.
(4) Some children and other families have a history of asthma.
2, Western diagnostic criteria
Common allergic rash, various skin lesions, various forms, accompanied by itching, erosion, crusting and other symptoms of skin itching, according to symptoms can be divided into diagnosis of bleeding, dry, seborrheic, eczema.
3, symptom diagnosis
(1) Dampness and heat syndrome exudation type: clinical manifestation of head and neck fluid lesions with erythema papules blister, lipid water seepage and then scarring, itching, dry stool, short yellow urine, slippery pulse.
(2) spleen deficiency and dampness syndrome lipid-salt type: skin lesions with large erythema, papules, covered with greasy or crumbs or rough skin of the skin, some combined with indigestion, galactorrhea, thin or complete.
(3) blood deficiency and dryness syndrome dry type: clinical manifestations, repeated rashes of rash, light itching, not only.
