Radiation stomatitis

Introduction

Introduction to radioactive stomatitis Radiation stomatitis, also known as radioactive mucositis, is an oral mucosal injury caused by radiation ionizing radiation. This disease is mainly seen in patients with radiation therapy of head and neck malignant tumors. Radiation kills tumor cells at the same time. It also has a killing effect on normal cells, resulting in congestion, erosion and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Radiation destroys the parotid gland and can cause dry mouth. The local resistance of the oral cavity is decreased, the flora is dysregulated, and the Candida albicans infection is easily secondary. According to the condition and course of the disease, it is divided into acute damage and chronic damage. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: stomatitis

Cause

Cause of radioactive stomatitis

The cause is clear and related to radiation ionizing radiation. In addition, the relevant factors are:

Infectious factors: After oral mucosal injury, microorganisms such as bacteria can aggravate the damage.

Host factors: the patient's species, age, gender, nutritional status, and individual genetic inheritance determine the susceptibility of different individuals.

Prevention

Radioactive stomatitis prevention

1. Radiation workers should strictly abide by the protective regulations, shorten the radiation time, increase the working distance, and use protective clothing such as shielding clothes reasonably. Radiation sites should be renovated in strict accordance with the protection standards.

2. Under the fluoroscopy, the fractures, foreign bodies, teachings and other special occasions that may be exposed to radiation radiation should be shortened as much as possible.

3. Children and pregnant women should try to avoid seeing and taking pictures.

Complication

Radioactive stomatitis complications Complications

There are usually no special complications.

Symptom

Radioactive inflammatory symptoms Common symptoms Secondary infection Oral Candida infections Difficult stomatitis Oral mucosal ulcers Eating difficulties

Divided into acute radioactive stomatitis and chronic radioactive stomatitis.

First, acute radiation stomatitis

1. Appears in a short time after radiation exposure.

2. When the degree of mucosal damage is mild, the oral mucosa is red and edematous; erosion, ulcer, covering white pseudomembrane, easy bleeding, obvious tenderness, dry mouth, bad breath, etc., can be combined with difficulty in eating and other dysfunction and dizziness, insomnia , anorexia, hair loss and other systemic symptoms.

3. Gradually heal gradually after 2-4 weeks after the end of radiotherapy or 1-2 weeks after taking effective treatment.

Second, chronic radiation stomatitis

1. Radiation exposure occurred 2 years later, characterized mainly by secondary damage caused by extensive atrophy of salivary glands.

2. Local symptoms include dry mouth and abnormal taste.

3. The main signs are that the oral mucosa is extensively atrophied, thinned, congested, and the tongue has atrophic glossitis, often associated with Candida albicans infection. At the same time, other oral complications such as fierce sputum, bleeding gums, and restricted mouth opening can be seen.

4. Systemic symptoms include anorexia, fatigue, headache, memory loss, insomnia, etc.

Examine

Radioactive stomatitis examination

When the degree of mucosal damage is heavier, there is a deep ulcer in the oral mucosa, and the pseudomembrane is covered, which may be accompanied by systemic damage such as blood and secondary infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis and diagnosis of radioactive stomatitis

Disease diagnosis

With a history of exposure to radiation, the above-mentioned acute and chronic oral lesions can be diagnosed.

Differential diagnosis

The primary basis for identification is the history of exposure to radiation.

Herpes-like aphthous ulcer: a history of recurrence, no history of radiation exposure.

Sjogren's syndrome: no history of radiation exposure, pathology can be diagnosed.

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