bone cancer
Introduction
Introduction to bone cancer Bone cancer is a bone tumor. A bone tumor is a tumor that occurs in the bone or its affiliated tissue. There are benign and malignant points, benign bone tumors are easy to cure, prognosis is good, malignant bone tumors develop rapidly, prognosis is poor, and mortality is high. Malignant bone tumors are classified into primary and secondary. Malignant tumors from other tissues or organs in the body are transferred to the bones through the blood circulation and lymphatic system to be secondary malignant bone tumors. There is also a type of lesion called tumor-like lesions. The tumor-like lesions do not have the characteristics of tumor cell morphology, but their ecology and behavior are tumor-destroying, generally limited, and easy to cure. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.004% - 0.007% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hypercalcemia, dehydration, renal failure
Cause
Cause of bone cancer
Benign bone tumor malignant (25%):
Once a benign bone tumor such as chondroma, osteochondroma, osteoblastoma, or a tumor-like lesion occurs, it should be treated promptly to avoid the possibility of malignant transformation and sarcoma formation. The occurrence of bone cancer may be related to their biological characteristics, disease period, surgery, infection or fracture of pathological parts.
Chemical material
Gas pollution and smoking are the key factors that cause disease. Because of the pollution caused by gas and smoking, the air is seriously polluted, and the appearance of carbon oxides causes severe stimulation of the respiratory tract, which further promotes the occurrence of bone cancer. In addition, eating foods rich in additives, pigments and preservatives is also prone to disease. These are common causes of bone cancer induction.
Radioactive element
Radiation exposure such as X-rays used to treat other diseases can also damage bones and bury bone cancer. In addition, radioactive substances such as radium and strontium may increase the risk of bone cancer.
genetic factors
Family with bone cancer patients does not necessarily lead to bone cancer in the next generation, but the risk is relatively higher.
Prevention
Bone cancer prevention
The usual method of preventing bone cancer can take measures from the aspects of living habits, diet and mentality.
1. Life prevention and conditioning
(1) Strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve resistance to disease, enhance immune function, and prevent viral infection.
(2) Reduce and avoid radioactive radiation, especially during adolescent bone development.
(3) Avoid trauma, especially in the long bones of adolescent development.
2, diet prevention and conditioning: change bad habits, eat less or not eat sauerkraut, salted fish and other high nitrite concentration. Eat less roasted and fried foods with high levels of benzopyrene, and eat less food with more yellow koji, moldy, and fermented foods.
3, mental conditioning: to maintain a cheerful personality, a comfortable mood, not angry when things happen.
All of the above are effective ways to prevent bone cancer, for your own health, away from bone cancer.
Complication
Bone cancer complications Complications, hypercalcemia, dehydration, renal failure
Late metastasis of bone cancer often leads to a significant increase in serum calcium concentration leading to disorder of calcium metabolism, which is called clinical hypercalcemia. In early stage, patients may show fatigue, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, confusion Or coma, etc., severe cases can occur high calcium crisis, mostly manifested as dehydration, high fever, heart rhythm disorder, heart and kidney failure or death. Patients with advanced bone cancer are prone to spread and metastasis, and it is relatively difficult to treat. It is obviously not feasible for the surgical resection of patients with bone cancer, especially those with metastatic spread. It is not only traumatic but also seriously affects the late stage of bone cancer. The quality of life of patients is often accompanied by severe postoperative complications.
Symptom
Bone cancer symptoms common symptoms shoulder movement limited appetite loss diffuse osteoporosis bone pain limb striate hypertrophy weight loss
Early symptoms
1. Patients with bone cancer will have a hard mass on the surface of the bone in the early stage, with pain or pain.
2. Patients with bone cancer may have pain or swelling of the bones and joints in the early stage, often with increased pain at night and not necessarily related to activity; the pain may be persistent dull pain or pain only when stressed.
3. Patients with bone cancer may have pathological fractures or deformation in the early stage.
4. Patients with bone cancer may develop fever, weight loss, fatigue, and decreased mobility in the early stage. This condition sometimes occurs in advanced bone cancer, and benign bone cancer usually has no pain symptoms.
5. Patients with bone cancer have persistent and unexplained back pain in the early stage, which may be only suffering from back disease or back pain.
6. Patients with bone cancer have one or more fractures in the early stage. There is no obvious reason. After the fracture is treated, osteosarcoma or osteoporosis should be examined.
7. Patients with bone cancer have numbness at the distal end of the limb due to compression of the nerve vessels.
Clinical symptoms
The general symptoms are the same as other cancer patients, such as loss of appetite, weight loss, fever and other symptoms. Pain in the affected area, local swelling and swelling in the joints and limbs.
1. The joints and limb movements of the affected part are restricted.
2. The skin of the affected part is ulcerated.
3, the affected part of the distal part of the limb will have a sense of numbness, due to compression of nerve vessels.
4. Pathological fracture or deformation occurs.
5, the most typical symptom of bone cancer is bone pain, if you have obvious bone pain at night than during the day, you need to pay special attention.
Examine
Bone cancer examination
Radiological examination: general X-ray photography, angiography, lymphatic angiography, etc. of the affected part of the bone can be used for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign osteoma according to the nature of the photograph. The reliability of experienced radiologists can be Up to 90%, especially computerized tomography magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and nuclear medicine bone isotope scanning, etc., the correctness is faster and more convenient.
X-ray: According to the appearance of x-ray film, the thickness of the beam or bone around the osteosarcoma lesion increases, and causes periosteal reactive osteogenesis.
CT and MRI: Because of the determination of whether the tumor has distant metastasis, jump metastasis, the tumor invades the surrounding area and the extent of the medullary cavity.
Pathological tissue biopsy, the method can be divided into three types: 1 acupuncture sampling test, the success rate is 80 ~ 90%; 2 the affected part is open for sampling and examination; 3 resection or scraping pathological examination.
Histopathological examination is the final correct diagnosis by the pathologist according to the pathological changes of the sliced tissue.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of bone cancer
Detailed medical history, physical examination, laboratory examination, and X-ray film can provide valuable diagnostic basis. For example, the age of onset in the medical history has certain reference value for diagnosis. The physical examination and X-ray findings also have reference to the diagnosis. significance.
The X-ray performance changes a lot, so it cannot be used as a diagnostic basis.
Although histopathological examination is a decisive diagnostic method, it is not absolutely reliable, because there are many factors that can cause misdiagnosis. If the tumor is in the development stage, the tissue morphology may be very different. The specimens taken cannot be comprehensive and representative. The shortcomings in the production of specimen technology can cause difficulties in pathological diagnosis.
Therefore, most scholars believe that the three-combination view proposed by Jaffe, that is, the combination of clinical, radiological and pathological, is very correct. The definitive diagnosis can be made through the careful and careful discussion of the three doctors.
