kidney tumor
Introduction
Introduction to kidney tumor Tumor tumor (tumorofkidney) is one of the more common tumors in the urinary system, mostly malignant. Common renal tumors in the clinic include renal cell carcinoma derived from renal parenchyma, nephroblastoma, and transitional cell papillary tumors occurring in the renal pelvis. The incidence of different renal tumors is different, but the overall trend is increasing year by year. This trend may be related to the widespread application of imaging techniques and the popularization of routine physical examination. Kidney tumors can occur at any age, with different proportions of men and women. Renal tumors account for 2% to 3% of adult malignant tumors, and nephroblastoma is the most common solid malignant tumor in infants and young children, accounting for about 20% of infant malignancies. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hematuria, abdominal mass, hypertension, anemia, shock, abdominal pain
Cause
Cause of kidney tumor
The etiology of kidney tumors is still unclear, and the risk factors associated with it include:
1. Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing a kidney tumor and is related to the amount of smoking. This correlation may decrease after 25 years of cessation of smoking;
2. Occupation: The prevalence of kidney tumors is higher in practitioners with cadmium leakage. The prevalence of kidney tumors among coke oven workers, printers and workers engaged in petrochemical work is relatively high;
3. Urban and rural and cultural economic conditions: There are data to confirm that the prevalence of renal tumors among urban residents is higher than that of rural residents;
4. Hormones and drugs: The use of chemicals, especially hormones, can increase the prevalence of kidney tumors, and the prevalence of kidney tumors in patients with hypertension after taking diuretics increases;
5. Other factors: renal dysfunction Long-term dialysis patients are prone to kidney cancer. In addition, obesity, diabetes, blood transfusion history, radiation, alcohol, food and other factors may be related to the incidence of kidney cancer.
Prevention
Kidney cancer prevention
1, to ensure adequate sleep, for the vitality of blood and kidney, the maintenance of kidney essence plays an important role.
2, we must do what we can, work hard, and have a good relationship. This will help to nourish kidney and kidney essence.
3, the palm of the hand to the palm of the hand, put it to the waist, palm to the skin, massage the waist up and down, until there is a sense of heat. It can be done once in the morning and evening, about 200 times each time. This exercise can replenish the kidneys.
4, the foot should pay special attention to keep warm, do not put your feet against the air conditioner or fan when sleeping; do not walk barefoot in a wet place for a long time.
5, keep the stool smooth, is also a way to raise the kidney. When the stool is difficult to understand, you can use both hands to stick the back of the kidney area, press hard to push the kidney, and accelerate the bowel movement; when walking, press the kidney area with both hands to relieve the symptoms of backache.
6, when there is urine, it is necessary to discharge in time, is also one of the best ways to raise the kidney.
7, whether Chinese medicine or Western medicine, there are some side effects, and some drugs will cause kidney damage. Therefore, be vigilant when using drugs, read the instructions carefully, and when you need to take certain drugs for a long time, you should consult relevant experts.
Complication
Renal tumor complications Complications, hematuria, abdominal mass, hypertension, anemia, shock, abdominal pain
1. The back of the tumor itself causes pain in the lower back, hematuria, abdominal mass and so on.
2. Compression symptoms caused by tumor enlargement: gastrointestinal symptoms may occur when the tumor compresses the stomach and the duodenum.
3. Systemic symptoms: hypertension, anemia, weight loss, fever, polycythemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal blood coagulation mechanisms, etc.
4. Others: Symptoms and signs of acute abdomen such as intra-abdominal hemorrhage, shock, acute abdominal pain may occur when the tumor is ruptured by factors such as trauma.
Symptom
Kidney tumor symptoms Common symptoms Urine dark black back pain Abdominal mass weight loss Hematuria fever High blood pressure
The clinical manifestations of different types of renal tumors vary widely. Common symptoms include:
1. Low back pain, hematuria, abdominal mass, etc. caused by the tumor itself.
2. Compression symptoms caused by tumor enlargement: gastrointestinal symptoms may occur when the tumor compresses the stomach and the duodenum.
3. Systemic symptoms: hypertension, anemia, weight loss, fever, polycythemia, hyperglycemia, abnormal blood coagulation mechanisms, etc.
4. Others: Symptoms and signs of acute abdomen such as intra-abdominal hemorrhage, shock, acute abdominal pain may occur when the tumor is ruptured by factors such as trauma.
Examine
Kidney tumor examination
Laboratory inspection
Routine items for laboratory tests include blood, urine routines, blood biochemistry, and blood tumor marker tests.
For benign renal tumors such as renin, blood biochemical examination and endocrine examination can be found to have abnormalities such as hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia; for malignant renal tumors such as renal pelvic cancer, exfoliated cells Learning to check has an important role and may reveal cancer cells that have fallen off.
Film degree exam
1. Chest X-ray film: For routine examination of patients, chest positive and lateral radiographs should be taken to determine whether there are lung metastases such as pulmonary nodules and other chest lesions.
2, B-ultrasound: B-ultrasound is the most commonly used method for the diagnosis of kidney tumors, with non-invasive, accurate and relatively cheap features. B-ultrasound echoes the histological features of the tumor and plays an important role in the identification of tumors. Renal hamartoma is a benign kidney tumor. The tumor component is mainly fat. It is hyperechoic in B-ultrasound examination. Renal cell carcinoma is a parenchymal tumor with no fat component and low echo in B-ultrasound examination. Therefore, B-ultrasound is an important method to identify hamartoma and kidney cancer.
3, CT: CT is the most important imaging examination method for renal tumors. It has the characteristics of high density and spatial resolution. The detection rate of renal tumors is very high, close to 100%.
CT is of great value in distinguishing the benign and malignant renal tumors. The shape of the tumor is irregular. The tumor is beyond the renal fascia and the lymph node metastasis or venous tumor thrombus is found to be malignant. If the tumor has a complete capsule, the boundary with the normal tissue is clear. Fat density tissue is more likely to be benign;
4. MRI: In the diagnosis of malignant renal tumors, MRI has great value for the extent of renal tumors and whether it is a primary tumor. In addition, MRI can confirm the spread and metastasis of renal tumors, which is of great significance for tumor staging. The patient plays an important role in the later treatment.
5, intravenous pyelography: a means of diagnosing the cause of hematuria, but its sensitivity and specificity to renal parenchymal tumors is poor. Those who are allergic to iodine, severe liver and kidney, and cardiovascular disease are prohibited from performing this test.
6, renal artery angiography: diagnosis of renal tumors have limitations. The presence or absence of new blood vessels may be helpful in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
Nuclear medicine examination
The radionuclide bone scan found that the bone metastasis lesions were 3 to 6 months earlier than the X-ray examination, and the sensitivity was high, but the specificity was poor and the false positive rate was high.
Histological examination
The diagnosis of renal tumors by needle biopsy is still controversial. At present, the diagnosis of renal tumor biopsy is mainly used to exclude some diseases that do not use surgery as the preferred treatment, including infections such as abscesses, metastases of extrarenal tumors, and lymphomas. It is also used to clearly diagnose the kidneys that have spread. Histological typing of cancer or difficult-to-clear retroperitoneal masses to guide treatment regimens, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic diagnosis of renal tumor
Different types of renal tumors have different clinical manifestations, and the diagnosis should be based on their specific symptoms and signs. In addition, the necessary medical examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and identification of various types of renal tumors.
