traumatic brain injury
Introduction
Introduction to brain trauma A solid skull, like a natural helmet that protects our brain, nevertheless is still vulnerable to various traumas. Among people under the age of 50, brain trauma is a common cause of death and disability, and brain trauma is the second cause of death among men under 35 (gunshot first). About half of patients with severe brain trauma cannot survive. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.06% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma
Cause
Cause of brain injury
1. Sudden head acceleration movement, like the slamming of the head, can cause brain tissue damage.
2, the head quickly hits the hard object that can not move or sudden deceleration is also a common cause of brain trauma.
3. The brain tissue on the side of the impact or in the opposite direction is highly susceptible to damage when it collides with a hard and raised skull. Acceleration-deceleration damage is sometimes referred to as a contralateral impact injury.
Prevention
Brain injury prevention
First, try to clear the unsafe factors that may cause falls.
Second, wear a ventilated and breathable hat to reduce the shock of the brain tissue when falling.
3. In an emergency (such as falling from a height or being knocked down at a high speed) quickly hold your head with both arms and hands.
Fourth, the training to strengthen physical coordination and flexibility.
Complication
Traumatic traumatic brain injury Complications coma
Damage caused by brain trauma:
1. Brain damage often causes varying degrees of permanent dysfunction: focal symptoms include symptoms such as exercise, sensation, speech, vision, and hearing abnormalities, while diffuse brain damage often affects memory, sleep, or causes confusion and coma.
2, severe brain trauma patients sometimes lead to forgetting, patients can not recall things before and after loss of consciousness, and patients who are awake within a week can often restore memory. Some brain traumas (even if they are mild) can cause post-traumatic brain syndrome, and for a long time, patients have headaches and memory disorders.
3. Severe brain trauma can pull, twist or tear nerves, blood vessels and other tissues in the brain. The nerve pathway is damaged, or causes bleeding and edema. Cerebral palsy is often fatal.
Brain trauma - caused by mental disorders and sequelae
1. Cerebral Oscillation Syndrome 2. Coma caused by traumatic brain injury 3. Caused by traumatic brain injury 4. Amnestic syndrome caused by traumatic brain injury 5. Subdural hematoma caused by traumatic brain injury.
Symptom
Symptoms of brain trauma Common symptoms Cerebrospinal fluid protein increased brain wave changes Brain cerebral white matter degeneration Brain parenchyma Infiltration Brain parenchyma Deep hemorrhage Ventricular pressure Displacement Coma Cerebrospinal fluid Leukocytes Increase neurological vomiting
1. Severe brain trauma can pull, twist or tear nerves, blood vessels and other tissues in the brain. The nerve pathway is damaged, or causes bleeding and edema. Intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema increase the contents of the cranial cavity, but the cranial cavity itself cannot be expanded accordingly. As a result, intracranial pressure increases and brain tissue is further damaged. Increased intracranial pressure pushes the brain down, forcing the upper brain tissue and brain stem into the associated pores, a condition called cerebral palsy. The cerebellum and brainstem can be displaced from the hole in the base of the skull to the spinal cord.
2, the elderly after the head injury is particularly likely to cause bleeding around the brain (subdural hemorrhage), taking anticoagulant drugs to prevent thrombosis is also a high-risk group of subdural hemorrhage after trauma.
3, brain damage often causes varying degrees of permanent dysfunction. This depends mainly on whether the damage is in a particular area of the brain tissue (focal) or extensive damage (dispersion). Brain damage in different areas can cause different symptoms, and these special focal symptoms can help doctors determine the site of injury. Focal symptoms include symptoms such as exercise, sensation, speech, vision, and hearing abnormalities. Diffuse brain damage often affects memory, sleep, or causes confusion and coma.
Examine
Brain injury examination
1. X-ray film: judge fracture, cranial suture separation, intracranial gas accumulation, intracranial foreign body.
2. Lumbar puncture: can measure intracranial pressure and test cerebrospinal fluid.
3. CT scan: can show the presence and extent of hematoma, contusion, edema, fractures, gas accumulation, etc., if necessary, multiple dynamic scans to track changes in the condition.
4. Cerebral angiography: However, this test should be applied in time when vascular disease is suspected. The presence of hematoma can be determined according to the morphology of the blood vessels without a CT machine.
5. MRI: Posterior fossa lesions should be considered when CT is poorly displayed. The imaging of intracranial soft tissue is superior to CT, and it can be used to determine the extent of injury and estimate the prognosis after the condition is stable.
6. Other means of examination: Ultrasound, EEG, radionuclide imaging, etc. are of little significance and are rarely used directly for the diagnosis of craniocerebral injury.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of brain trauma
Cerebral oscillation syndrome
A transient loss of consciousness occurs after brain oscillations, usually recovering within 30 minutes. After waking up, the patient could not recall the situation at the time of the injury and the moment before the injury. Patients may have headache, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, emotional instability, lack of self-confidence, attention to looseness, autonomic symptoms such as pale skin, cold sweat, decreased blood pressure, slow pulse, slow breathing and so on.
Trauma caused by traumatic brain injury
After a traumatic brain injury, there will be a long-term coma, coma to the recovery process, and there may be drowsiness, turbidity, convulsions, etc. When the disturbance of consciousness is light, it re-emerges in volatility.
Brain trauma
is usually transferred from coma or lethargy. Some patients' behaviors at the time of sputum reflect pre-treatment occupational characteristics. Many patients show resistance, noisy, no cooperation, and others are more aggressive. There may be horror illusions, and serious patients may have chaotic excitement and even strong impulsive sexual violence. You can be replaced by other disturbances of consciousness such as shackles and dreams.
Amnestic syndrome caused by traumatic brain injury
Its most striking feature is the fiction based on forgetting, and patients are often irritated. Its duration is shorter than the alcoholic toxic amnesia syndrome.
Subdural hematoma caused by traumatic brain injury
Can occur soon after the injury, common headaches and lethargy. Occasionally accompanied by spastic exercise excitement, about half of the patients have papilledema. Chronic subdural hematoma is characterized by lethargy, dullness, memory loss, and severe dementia symptoms in some cases. Some patients have mildly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased protein, and a yellow appearance.
