laryngitis
Introduction
Introduction to laryngitis Laryngitis is a chronic inflammation caused by a general pathogen infection of the mucosa of the throat. Due to the degree of disease, it can be divided into chronic simple laryngitis, hypertrophic laryngitis and atrophic laryngitis. According to the cause and clinical course, it can be divided into primary and secondary, acute and chronic. Clinically, acute catarrhal laryngitis is common and often complicated by pharyngitis. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.5% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hemoptysis, bronchitis, pneumonia
Cause
Cause of laryngitis
Cause:
Infection (30%):
The result of recurrent or prolonged acute laryngitis. The purulent secretion of the lower respiratory tract infection is in prolonged contact with the throat and is also prone to chronic laryngitis. Infections in the nose, sinuses, and pharynx are also sources of chronic irritation of the throat.
External stimulus (30%):
Inhalation of harmful gases such as industrial gases, smoking, and chemical dust can easily cause vocal cord thickening. Excessive use of sound, improper sound. Common in teachers, actors, singers, etc.
Chronic disease (30%):
Some systemic diseases (such as heart, kidney disease, diabetes, rheumatism, etc.) cause vasomotor function disorder, long-term congestion of the throat, secondary to chronic laryngitis.
Pathogenesis:
1, chronic simple laryngitis: diffuse congestion of the laryngeal mucosa, redness, vocal cords lost the original white, pink, edge dull, thick mucus on the mucosal surface, often connected to the mucus silk between the glottis.
2, hypertrophic laryngitis: laryngeal mucosa hypertrophy, with obvious intercondylar area, vocal cords are also hypertrophy, can not be closed to the midline and poorly closed, the room is often thick and cover part of the vocal cords, sputum can also be thickened.
3, atrophic laryngitis: the laryngeal mucosa is dry, thin and shiny, there are often yellow-green or dark brown dry sputum under the sacral area, such as coughing the cough, there is a small amount of oozing on the surface of the mucosa. The vocal cords are thin. Its tension is weakened.
Prevention
Laryngitis prevention
(1) Treat acute laryngitis in time to prevent it from becoming chronic.
(2) To prevent excessive use of sputum, for teachers, literary and art workers should pay attention to the correct method of vocalization, especially during the cold.
(3) Strengthen labor protection and properly handle harmful gases and dust in the production process.
(4) In the acute phase, antiviral and antibacterial drugs should be used in time to prevent chronic changes. Antibiotics are generally not needed in the chronic phase. Do not use antibiotics when you don't hear the word "inflammatory".
(5) Treatment of nasal, oral, and lower respiratory tract diseases, including sick teeth.
(6) Do not drink strong sprinkles and smoke, avoid spicy, sour and other strong seasonings when eating.
(7) Improve the working and living environment, combined with the transformation of production equipment, to reduce the stimulation of dust and harmful gases.
(8) Living and living are common, and work and rest are combined. Timely treatment of various chronic diseases, keep a laxative every day, rinse with a light salt water or drink in small amounts in the morning (hypertension, kidney disease, do not drink salt water).
(9) Appropriate control of sound. Improper use of sound, excessive use of sound, long-term continuous speech and singing is not good for the treatment of pharyngitis.
Complication
Laryngeal complications Complications hemoptysis bronchitis
Laryngitis itself is not serious, but if the treatment is neglected, it is easy to cause systemic complications, and it is fatal, and the pharyngitis is harmful.
Acute and chronic pharyngitis hazards manifest as sore throat, dry mouth, dry throat, itchy throat, burning pharyngeal sensation, dry cough without phlegm, obvious follicular hyperplasia in the throat, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, difficulty in swallowing, severe The voice is hoarse, dizzy, chest tightness, and even hemoptysis. Long-term treatment is not easy to induce bronchitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, throat cancer, esophageal cancer and other complications.
Symptom
Symptoms of laryngitis Common symptoms Sore throat, hoarse throat, itchy cough, throat, throat ulcer
(1), hoarseness is the most important symptom, the voice becomes low and rough, the morning symptoms are heavier, and later with the increase of activity, coughing out the throat secretions and gradually getting better, the next morning is worse, after the ban Relieve, and more speech makes the symptoms worse, intermittent, and evolves into persistence.
(B), the secretions of the throat increased, often feel sputum adhesion, whenever you speak, you must cough to remove sticky sputum.
(3) The throat is dry and feels sore throat when speaking.
Examine
Laryngitis examination
1. Feasible pharyngeal secretion examination.
2. Dumb and throat discomfort. The following changes can be seen in the partial inspection.
(1) Chronic simple laryngitis can be seen in diffuse hyperemia of the laryngeal mucosa, the vocal cords lose normal luster, and they are light red or dark red. They can also see dilated vascular lines in their sacs, thickening of the vocal cords, and often secretions in the larynx. Attached.
(2) Hypertrophic laryngitis shows that the laryngeal mucosa is dark red, the vocal cords are thickened, the ventricular zone is thickened, and the ventricular zone can be covered even in the pronunciation, and secretions can be seen in the larynx.
(3) Nodular laryngitis can be seen at the edge of the vocal cords on both sides of the vocal cords at the border of the symmetry of the small knots, white, such as the size of the corn, the base is slightly red, the two vocal cords can not be closed tightly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of laryngitis
Many people are confused with pharyngitis and laryngitis. Although the location and symptoms of pharyngitis and laryngitis are very similar, they can be distinguished if they are carefully identified.
The pharynx is the pharynx, the throat is the larynx, and it is two different parts. The pharyngeal part is composed of three parts, one is the oropharynx: that is, the open mouth can see soft palate, uvula, tongue, and tonsils on both sides. Between the uvula and the tongue, including a cavity surrounded by the tonsils (the posterior wall is called the posterior wall of the pharynx), called the oropharynx; the uvula is up to the back of the nasal cavity (we need to use the nose) The pharyngoscope can be seen clearly. This cavity is called the nasopharynx; the base of the tongue is down to the upper edge of the epiglottis (you need to borrow an indirect laryngoscope to see it). This cavity is the throat and throat; the throat and throat are the throat.
The pharynx and the larynx are all part of the upper respiratory tract, and the mucous membranes are mutually extended. Of course, the disease is difficult to distinguish clearly whether it is the oropharynx or the throat. This is why pharyngitis and pharyngitis are difficult to define clearly. However, laryngitis and pharyngitis are clearly distinguishable, because the function of the larynx is the vocal organ, and only when there is a change in sound, it is a disease of the larynx.
Both pharyngitis and pharyngitis are mucosal lesions, with hyperemia, swelling, hypertrophy, lymphatic sputum and other pathological changes. Due to the special location of the throat, at the entrance of the upper respiratory tract and the digestive tract, it is inevitable to be invaded by bacteria, dust, alcohol, tobacco, foreign bodies, and even nasal and oral diseases.
