gingivitis
Introduction
Introduction to gingivitis Gingivitis is an acute and chronic inflammation that occurs in the gum tissue. Gingiva refers to the oral mucosal epithelium covering the surface of the alveolar process and around the neck of the tooth and the connective tissue beneath it. Plaque is the starting factor of gingivitis. Gingivitis is often characterized by bleeding gums, redness, and pain. It may lead to deep periodontitis. Gingivitis can be caused by bacterial infection, foreign body stimulation, and food impaction. The most common cause is bacterial infection. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 25% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: gastric ulcer pneumonia heart disease stroke diabetes
Cause
Causes of gingivitis
Unclean mouth (30%):
Chinese medicine believes that this disease can be caused by unclean mouth, food residue accumulated in the teeth, long-term rot and become poisonous, wet poison invade the sputum and swollen. Or eating spleen and stomach, spleen deficiency, heat and dampness, dampness and heat accumulation of the gastrointestinal tract, follow the menstruation, fumigation of the gums, resulting in blood stasis, body fluid blocked and swollen and painful. Or because of excessive anger, excessive depression, causing liver qi stagnation, long-term stagnation and smoldering, liver fire upside down, burns and sputum. Or because of the wind and evil invasion, the evil left meridians, causing the meridians to suffocate, the blood is impassable, and the long-term qi and blood fight with evil.
Body factor (30%):
Dental malformations, certain systemic factors such as endocrine disorders, vitamin C deficiency, nutritional disorders and systemic diseases can also cause or aggravate gingivitis, and mouth breathing is often an important factor in anterior teeth proliferative gingivitis.
Bacterial infection (30%):
Bacterial infection is also the cause of this disease. Common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococci, Streptococcus and other bacteria produce toxins that cause inflammation of periodontal tissues.
Prevention
Gingivitis prevention
First, it is customary to brush your teeth and use floss to clean your teeth, especially before going to bed, you can remove the plaque and reduce the accumulation of dental plaque during sleep. Every 6 months to 1 year, regularly clean the teeth at the dentist, prevent the plaque from becoming tartar, and remove the calculus that has formed on the teeth.
Second, to make porcelain teeth to choose the symptomatic material
1. It is recommended to choose cobalt-chromium or above materials: In view of the harm of periodontal gingivitis, it is necessary to choose the symptomatic materials for making porcelain teeth. It is recommended to choose: four generations of cobalt-chromium, palladium, classic three-generation all-ceramic teeth, and four generations of zirconium dioxide. Symptomatic materials such as all porcelain.
2. Do not choose ordinary porcelain teeth material: because its compatibility and adaptability are not ideal, it can not protect the periodontal gums well. It is a lifelong matter to do your teeth. Don't be responsible for your own health in order to save money for a while.
Complication
Gingivitis complications Complications stomach ulcer pneumonia heart disease diabetes
1, stomach ulcers:
According to a foreign study, the bacteria that cause gastric ulcer are living on plaque. The researchers investigated 242 patients with gastric ulcer and found that the pathogen was found in 210 of them. The relationship between oral hygiene and gastric ulcer can be seen.
2. Pneumonia:
Medical research has shown that every time a person breathes, a large amount of bacteria enter the lungs, causing respiratory diseases. At the same time, they live in people's mouths, although the human immune system can destroy them, but if people have some time When the immunity is low, these bacteria will sneak into the air and may cause bacterial pneumonia.
3, heart disease:
After studying more than 1,000 cases abroad, gingivitis patients have three times more heart disease than ordinary people. The reason is that some bacteria can enter the blood through the crack in the gums, which affects the liver and causes it to produce. A protein that blocks arteries, causing arterial embolism. The specific way bacteria cause heart disease is still a mystery, but scientists have discovered an oral bacterium in fatty arterial embolism; oral bacteria are more threatening to people already suffering from heart disease. Some patients with dental diseases may encounter such a situation. If they have cardiovascular disease at the same time, doctors will take antibiotics before the treatment of oral diseases, preventing a large number of microorganisms from entering the blood during oral surgery and causing bacterial endocarditis.
4, stroke:
Relevant foreign institutions conducted a follow-up survey of nearly 10,000 people between the ages of 25 and 75, and found that those with severe gingivitis had twice as many strokes as other people. Medical experts explain that because oral bacteria can cause fat embolism of the carotid artery, if this fat block is upstream to the brain, blocking a blood vessel in the gray matter, it will cause a stroke.
5. Diabetes:
When a diabetic patient is attacked by bacteria, insulin does not work effectively, and the blood sugar level is increased. A study of 168 diabetic patients abroad found that people with severe gingivitis have difficulty controlling blood sugar levels. Endocrinologists recommend that when a person with a family history of diabetes is infected, go to the hospital as soon as possible to see if you have diabetes.
Symptom
Gingival inflammatory symptoms Common symptoms Gingival hyperplasia Children's teeth Teeth fever Gum swelling swelling Gum bleeding Lack of wisdom teeth Dirty teeth Toothache Gingival swelling Swelling teeth Black teeth Dark red or dark red
1. Gingival color: The normal gums are pink, and the free sputum and sputum nipples become dark red or dark red when suffering from blepharitis, which is caused by blood vessel congestion and hyperplasia in the connective tissue of the gums.
2. Shape of the gums: When suffering from gingivitis, due to tissue edema, the gingival margin becomes thicker, no longer close to the tooth surface, the nipple becomes round and blunt, and when the sputum is edema, the spot color can also disappear, and the surface is smooth and shiny. .
3. Texture: When suffering from gingivitis, the gums can become soft and fragile and lack elasticity due to connective tissue edema and collagen destruction.
4. Depth of sulcus: When the periodontal tissue is healthy, the depth of the sulcus is generally less than 2mm. When the gingiva has inflammatory swelling or hyperplasia, the sulcus can be deepened by more than 2mm to form a pseudo-periodontic pocket.
5. Probing bleeding: Healthy gums do not cause bleeding when brushing or detecting sulcus. In the case of gingivitis, the blood is touched and the bleeding is detected. Hemorrhage after probing is an important objective indicator for the diagnosis of inflammation in the gums.
6. Increased gingival crevicular fluid: When there is inflammation in the gums, the gingival crevicular fluid oozing increases, and the white blood cells are also significantly increased. Some patients may also have sulcus and pus. Therefore, measuring the amount of gingival crevicular fluid can be used as an indicator to determine the degree of inflammation.
7. Conscious symptoms: Patients with chronic blepharitis often have bleeding due to brushing or biting hard objects, or blood stains on bitten foods, which is the main reason for the visit. However, chronic blepharitis generally does not have spontaneous bleeding, which can be distinguished from bleeding from gums caused by blood diseases and other diseases. Some patients occasionally feel itch, swelling and other discomforts in the gums, and have bad breath.
Examine
Gingivitis examination
A simple way to check gingivitis is to observe the color, texture and presence of bleeding in the gums. The normal gums are pink, the texture is flexible and dense, and the surface has a dot-like color. If the gums are dark red, the texture is soft and swollen, the surface color disappears, and it is easy to bleed when eating, brushing, and touching. At this time, the diagnosis of gingivitis can be made. In addition to the above signs, some patients have symptoms of itching, swelling and bad breath.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of gingivitis
Self-diagnosis
A simple way to self-diagnose gingivitis is to observe the color, texture and presence of bleeding in the gums; the normal gums are pink, the texture is flexible and dense, and the surface is dotted. If the gums are dark red, the texture is soft and swollen, the surface color disappears, and it is easy to bleed when eating, brushing, and touching. At this time, the diagnosis of gingivitis can be made. In addition to the above signs, some patients have symptoms of itching, swelling and bad breath.
Medical diagnosis
Part of the teeth will have dental plaque deposits, and later the gums and teeth will gradually separate.
Differential diagnosis
1, early periodontitis. With gingival inflammation, there may be a true periodontal pocket, loss of attachment, can detect the enamel bone boundary, the alveolar dome absorption or the bone hard plate disappears. After treatment, the inflammation can disappear and the lesions are still, but the damaged support tissue is difficult to fully return to normal.
2, blood disease caused by gum bleeding, leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, aplastic anemia and other blood system diseases, can cause bleeding gums, and easy to spontaneously send blood, bleeding more, not easy to stop. For patients with gum bleeding and gingival inflammation, a detailed history should be asked, and hematology tests can help to rule out the above diseases.
