chronic hepatitis
Introduction
Introduction to chronic hepatitis Chronic hepatitis refers to liver necrosis and inflammation caused by different causes, which lasts for at least 6 months, such as hepatitis virus (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus), long-term drinking, and taking hepatotoxic drugs. Clinically, there may be abnormal symptoms, signs and liver biochemical tests, and there may be no obvious clinical symptoms, only necrosis and inflammation of liver tissue. The course of the disease is volatility or continuous, and some patients may progress to cirrhosis without proper treatment. Patients with chronic hepatitis C have less self-conscious symptoms. When the course of the disease is prolonged, the transaminase continues to increase and the histological changes of chronic hepatitis are accompanied. Some patients change to cirrhosis and liver cancer after 20-30 years. Therefore, patients with chronic hepatitis C should not take a sneak peek at their own illness, but don't be nervous. To achieve a dynamic combination of life and regularity; regular consumption of high-quality protein in the diet, appropriate vitamins, trace elements, should not eat too much sugar and high-fat foods, to stop the alcohol disease with the doctor to give the necessary treatment. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.001%-0.005% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: 1, blood transmission 2, iatrogenic sexual transmission 3, sexual transmission 4, mother-infant transmission Complications: jaundice, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer
Cause
Causes of chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is mostly caused by the transformation of acute viral hepatitis, the body's own immune dysfunction, long-term application of damage to liver drugs and the body's allergy to drugs, alcohol and a lack of certain enzymes, metabolic disorders, etc. can cause this disease.
Drinking alcohol (18%):
Alcohol has a significant toxic effect on the liver, and the degree of damage to the liver is directly proportional to its alcohol content. People who have no liver disease before, long-term drinking will also lead to liver disease, and even "alcoholic cirrhosis."
Drug or chemical poison (25%):
Many drugs and chemical poisons can cause liver damage, drug-induced hepatitis or toxic hepatitis. Such as bisphenol phenate, methyldopa, tetracycline and arsenic mercury, carbon tetrachloride and the like.
Viral infection (28%):
Caused by a variety of hepatitis viruses. It is characterized by strong contagiousness, complex transmission routes, wide range of epidemics, and high incidence.
Other infectious diseases (12%):
Many systemic infectious diseases can invade the liver, such as EB virus, typhoid fever in bacterial infections, etc., can cause elevated serum transaminase or other abnormal liver function.
Prevention
Chronic hepatitis prevention
Eat more vegetables and fruits to supplement enough vitamins and cellulose to help promote digestion. Liver dysfunction often affects fat metabolism , so many patients with chronic hepatitis have a post-hepatitis fatty liver . Therefore, the diet should be low in fat , low in sugar (too much sugar can be converted into fat in the human body), and high in protein. High-protein diets should include plant and animal proteins, such as soy products, beef, chicken, fish, etc., and animal and plant proteins should be matched with each other. Protein intake is broken down into amino acids after digestion to absorb, and then the liver is made into the most important muscle and blood components of human proteins. There are 8 kinds of amino acids in the human body that cannot be manufactured by themselves, and must be supplied by an external source. When the animal and plant proteins are mixed and balanced every day, they can make up for their respective deficiencies and significantly increase the utilization of protein. Appropriate amount of plant protein can inhibit the amount of animal fat, reduce the impact on arteriosclerosis, and ensure the full absorption and utilization of essential amino acids. Picky eaters are not good for the recovery of liver disease.
Complication
Chronic hepatitis complications Complications jaundice liver cirrhosis liver cancer
Symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, and pain in the liver area are obvious, moderate jaundice, and hepatomegaly.
Symptom
Symptoms of chronic hepatitis common symptoms anorexia liver disease face bloating liver disease Ronggan qi stagnation liver diffuse disease hepatomegaly hepatic edema sputum sputum red sputum
In the past, it was divided into chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis according to its symptoms and signs and liver pathological changes.
1. Chronic protracted hepatitis: The symptoms and signs and liver function changes of the patients are not serious. The common symptoms are fatigue, loss of appetite, mild pain in the liver area, occasional jaundice, mild swelling of the liver, medium hardness and slight tenderness. A small number of patients may have splenomegaly. ALT is elevated or repeatedly elevated, and other liver function tests and protein metabolism are generally normal. The main pathological changes are characterized by cell infiltration in the portal area. Infiltrating cells are mainly lymphocytes and tissue cells, and few neutrophils. A small amount of hepatocyte degeneration or punctate necrosis can be seen in the liver parenchyma. However, the hepatic lobules are intact, no hepatocytes regenerate nodules, and thus do not develop or cirrhosis, and the general prognosis is good.
2, chronic active hepatitis: clinical symptoms are heavier, the course of the disease is characterized by repeated intensification of the disease. Symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, and pain in the liver area are obvious. Moderate jaundice, hepatomegaly, spleen can often be touched, liver disease face, spider mites and liver palm. And there are extrahepatic system manifestations, arthritis, vasculitis, rash, ALT persistent or repeated increase, abnormal protein metabolism, decreased white blood cells and thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Its pathological features are chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal area and its invasion into the surrounding liver parenchyma, destroying the hepatic lobular boundary plate, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis and interlobular septal formation, followed by progressive hepatocyte regeneration nodules, and the lesion gradually Liver cirrhosis transformation. It is generally believed that slow live liver can easily lead to cirrhosis.
Examine
Chronic hepatitis check
Protein electrophoresis, liver function test, liver ultrasound examination, liver palpation, liver size, hepatitis B two and a half, hepatitis A antibody, anti-g hepatitis hepatitis virus E2 antibody, urine routine, blood routine, routine.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of chronic hepatitis
According to the principles recommended by the International Working Group at the World Gastroenterology Congress at the end of 1994, Chinese liver disease experts revised the viral hepatitis prevention and treatment program at the Fifth National Conference on Infectious Diseases in 1995. Chronic hepatitis caused by either type B, C, D or new viruses is classified into mild, moderate, and severe.
1. Mildly equivalent to the previously recognized chronic prolonged or mild chronic activity type, the clinical condition is mild, and the biochemical indicators are only 1 to 2 mild abnormalities.
2. Moderately equivalent to the moderate pathological changes of the original chronic active hepatitis, the symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests are between light and severe.
3, severe and obvious symptoms of hepatitis, such as fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension and loose stools, etc., may have liver disease face, liver palm, vasospasm and hepatosplenomegaly and exclude other causes, clinically no portal Evidence of hypertension, serum ALT repeated or continuous increase, albumin decreased or white / ball ratio abnormal, protein electrophoresis gamma globulin increased significantly. Where albumin <329/L, bilirubin>85 5mmol/L, prothrombin activity <6040, only one of the three items can be diagnosed as chronic hepatitis.
