test tube baby
Introduction
IVF Introduction Invitrofertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is often called "test tube baby" in China. In fact, in vitro fertilization is a special technique in which the eggs and sperm are taken outside the body, allowing them to complete the fertilization process in an artificially controlled environment, and then transplanting the early embryos into the female uterus in the uterus. It is a child. Infants born using in vitro fertilization techniques are called test-tube babies, and these children are also grown in the mother's womb. It can be said that "test tube baby technology" is equivalent to "in vitro fertilization". basic knowledge Proportion of disease: the probability of illness in the growing period is 0.07% Susceptible people: married women Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Cause
IVF cause
In infertility treatment, in vitro fertilization techniques are associated with embryo transfer technology. That is to say, when the fertilized egg is divided under the condition of artificial incubation and reaches 8 to 16 cleavage cells, it is manually transferred into the uterus of the secretory woman to make the pregnant egg implant. The combination of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology is commonly known as the "test tube baby" technology. With the development of science, this technology will play a greater role in the treatment of infertility. The so-called assisted in vitro fertilization is to take the sperm or egg out of the body, after being processed or cultured into an embryo, and then implanted into the human body to overcome the obstacles of traditional treatment. The most familiar treatment is the IVF.
Prevention
IVF prevention
First, before transplantation:
1, can not stay up late during the promotion, staying up late is not conducive to the growth of follicles and endometrium, go to bed early and get up early. After menstruation is clean, soak your feet, the water has not passed the calf, 30 minutes, straight
2. One night before the transplant. Keep a happy mood, be emotional, don't be angry, lose your temper, yell. Be sure to keep your peace of mind, don't worry, don't be angry. Modern medicine has proved that emotions have a great influence on pregnancy. In the case of anxiety and nervousness, the adrenal glands secrete a hormone to kill the embryo. This is also the reason why some people accidentally become pregnant after a relaxation of the spirit.
Second, after taking the eggs:
1. After taking the eggs, you can ask the doctor in the laboratory to ask about the egg and sperm. Is it necessary to do a single sperm injection?
2, do not lift heavy objects, do not drink alcoholic beverages, do not use drugs such as pain relief or sedation, according to the doctor's advice to take medicine on time.
Third, after the transplant:
1, from home after the start of bed rest for 48 hours, in addition to the bathroom, you can be supine, lying on the side, you can sleep, but do not get up. It can be reclined on the bed, but the angle must be less than 45 degrees.
2. Do not take a bath for 48 hours.
3, to avoid the use of strength after the transplant, jogging or cycling can not, but slowly walking is healthy and safe.
4. Don't be too tired.
5, more rest, adequate sleep.
6, holding a normal heart, do not suffer from loss.
7, if there is abnormal abdominal pain, bloating, vaginal bleeding should immediately contact the hospital, in order to immediately do the treatment of the fetus. Therefore, after implanting the embryo, you do not need to lie flat or take a break. This is up to the mother-in-law, because these treatments will not affect the success rate of IVF, but if you have time, please rest as much as possible, if there is constipation Hard solution, wait until there is a good solution, can also add folic acid to help the embryo develop normally.
Complication
IVF complications Complications ectopic pregnancy multi-pregnancy ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Common three major complications of ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
1: ectopic pregnancy, high-risk factors are pelvic adhesions, bilateral tubal patency, and tubal plastic surgery. Of course, not all patients with the above conditions will have ectopic pregnancy. At the same time, intrauterine uterus pregnancy, removal of ectopic pregnancy and fetus treatment, most of the intrauterine pregnancy can continue.
2: Multiple pregnancy, in the process of promoting ovulation IUI, multiple births are prone to occur. Multiple pregnancy is prone to pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, premature delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage. Premature babies have weak vitality and are difficult to survive. They are prone to complications such as neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral palsy, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, 3 or 3 or more gestational fetuses must undergo a reduction in pregnancy within 7-8 weeks of pregnancy.
3: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) 3-10 days after the injection of HCG, some patients will have ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, clinical manifestations of abdominal distension, ascites (even pleural effusion), gastrointestinal discomfort, oliguria, shortness of breath, Chest tightness, increased abdominal circumference, weight gain, B-ultrasound can be seen in bilateral ovarian enlargement and other symptoms, once the symptoms will last for two months will be eliminated, such patients are prohibited from using HCG a fetus after surgery, and close doctors contact. OHSS is the most serious complication during ovulation induction. Mild OHSS does not require special treatment, and moderate to severe OHSS needs to be observed and treated in hospital. Patients with OHSS can eat normally, and patients with bloating can eat less and eat more meals. Avoid overwork, strenuous exercise, and avoid abdominal compression and bruises. The vast majority of patients are safely treated with active treatment.
Symptom
Test tube baby symptoms common symptoms abdominal distension abdominal pain chest tightness constipation vaginal bleeding
After sperm and egg fertilization, the fertilized eggs need to be transferred to the developmental culture medium to continue to culture to check the fertilization status and the developmental potential of the fertilized eggs. The better quality embryos can be transferred into the reproductive tract of the recipient dams to continue to mature or cryopreservation.
The key factor in improving the development rate of fertilized eggs is to choose the ideal culture system. In livestock, embryo culture fluids are divided into two major categories of complex and chemically defined culture fluids. There are many components in complex culture fluids. In addition to inorganic and organic salts, vitamins, amino acids, nucleotides and guanidines are added to the nutrients and serum. The most commonly used are TCM199, B2 and F10. When using these to culture embryos, a somatic cell co-culture system can be used, that is, somatic cells and embryos are co-cultured in droplets, and the beneficial factors secreted during somatic cell growth are utilized to promote embryo development and overcome developmental blockage.
The culture of fertilized eggs is widely carried out by microdrop method. The ratio of embryos to culture medium is 3 to 10 l of culture medium for one embryo; generally 5 to 10 embryos are cultured in a small droplet to utilize the embryo to secrete during growth. Active factors that promote development. Embryo culture conditions are the same as those for oocyte maturation. Some laboratories use 88% N2, 7% O2 and 5% carbon dioxide mixed gas to reduce the concentration of oxygen free radicals in the culture solution and increase the embryo development rate. Embryos are required to change the culture medium every 48-72 hours during the culture process while observing the development of the embryo. Embryo transfer or cryopreservation can be carried out when the embryo develops to a certain stage, and the fertilized eggs of cattle and sheep are usually transplanted or cryopreserved when cultured to dense morula or blastocyst.
Examine
Test tube baby check
There are three links in IVF work: 1 collecting eggs. 2 sperm treatment to make it available. 3 embryo transfer. In vitro fertilization is mainly used for tubal infertility. The indications are: infertile couples under the age of 140. 2 The woman is healthy. 3 ovarian function can produce eggs. The uterus is normally able to receive embryo implantation. 4 The man has normal sperm. 5 Both parties fully understand the operation method and success rate of test tube baby (about 10% to 30%). Test-tube babies between non-spouses, such as giving eggs, semen, or surrogacy through the uterus, are complicated and involve ethical and legal issues and should be more cautious.
Diagnosis
IVF diagnostic identification
1, transvaginal ultrasound to take eggs: under the guidance of vaginal ultrasound, the puncture needle through the vaginal fornix into the follicle to aspirate follicular fluid is called transvaginal ultrasound. The follicular fluid contains the desired egg. Vaginal ultrasound is a simple operation. If local anesthesia is used, there is no pain or only a slight soreness. After taking the eggs, you can get out of bed and get out of the hospital. The removed eggs are washed and placed in an incubator for awaiting insemination.
2. In vitro fertilization and embryo culture: The treated husband sperm is cultured with the egg 4-6 hours after the egg is taken. The sperm will enter the egg cell by its own movement and combine with the genetic material of the sexes to form the fertilized egg. After the general insemination 12- The fertilized egg is formed in 18 hours, and further fertilized eggs form two-cell, four-cell, and eight-cell embryos.
3. Embryo transfer: The process of injecting the embryos formed in vitro into the thin tube and into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal is called embryo transfer, usually 2-3 days after the egg is taken, and a few are 5-6 days after the egg is taken. transplant. The transplant process is a mild manipulation class similar to a gynecological examination without any pain.
4, corpus luteum support: after taking eggs, use progesterone or chorionic gonadotropin to support the corpus luteum, 14 days after embryo transfer to do pregnancy test, if pregnancy continues to support the corpus luteum to three months of pregnancy.
