Lymphopathy
Introduction
Introduction to Lymphopathy Lymph is an organ of the human body. Everyone has it. Under normal circumstances, lymph will not appear, that is, it will not cause swelling and pain. However, once the body has inflammation, it will swell up to remind you that your body has inflammation, such as throat. Inflammation usually results in swelling of the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are everywhere, and only the superficial parts can be touched. The neck, submandibular, supraclavicular fossa, armpit, groin (thigh of the thigh) are the easiest to touch. Lymphitis is characterized by swelling, small swelling, and large swelling. Inflammation is severe and it will also purulent. Bacteria from the lymph nodes into the bloodstream can also cause systemic symptoms and fever. Here is the information I will help you find, refer to it. Acute lymphadenitis Acute lymphadenitis is caused by other inflammatory lesions, which are caused by the invasion of purulent bacteria along the lymphatic vessels into local lymph nodes. Therefore, this disease is often accompanied by lesions with primary infections, such as throat, mouth, head and face, etc., may be accompanied by swelling of the lymph nodes under the jaw or neck, pain. Most of the pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. The prone sites are lymph nodes in the genus, axilla, and groin. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: according to different lymphatic diseases, the proportion of illness is different Susceptible people: adults Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cancer pain, infantile suppurative lymphadenitis, aversion to cold fever
Cause
Cause of lymphopathy
Lymitis is often secondary to other purulent infections, caused by pathogenic bacteria invading the lymph nodes along the lymphatic vessels. However, not everyone will develop lymphadenitis when they encounter bacterial infections. This disease is only likely to occur when the body's resistance is reduced.
Lymph node enlargement
1, acute infection with bacterial virus rickettsial, etc., such as acute cellulitis upper respiratory tract infection infectious mononucleosis, ascariasis and so on.
2, chronic infection of bacterial fungus helminth chlamydia, filariasis, pathological lymph node granuloma, syphilis AIDS and so on.
Lymphoma
1. Viral infection: It is currently considered to be the cause of lymphoma induction. Experiments have shown that EB virus antibodies in patients with lymphoma in Africa are significantly increased. In patients with tumor tissue, virus particles can be found under electron microscope. It has been observed that the virus may cause changes in lymphoid tissues, causing lymphatic cancer in patients due to temporary low immune function.
2, immunodeficiency: experiments have shown that patients with lymphoma, especially Hodgkin's disease have serious immunodeficiency, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome with lymphoma is significantly increased, immunity Defective patient. In addition, in the family of patients with congenital immunodeficiency, the etiology of lymphoma is significantly increased.
3. Physical and chemical factors: Some physical and chemical damage can induce the cause of lymphoma. According to relevant statistics, among the survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bomb, the incidence of lymphoma is high. In addition, certain chemical drugs, such as immunosuppressive agents, anti-epileptic drugs, corticosteroids and other long-term applications, can lead to the cause of lymphoma, and eventually lymphoma.
Lymph is an organ of the human body. Everyone has it. Under normal circumstances, lymph will not appear, that is, it will not cause swelling and pain. However, once the body has inflammation, it will swell up to remind you that your body has inflammation, such as throat. Inflammation usually results in swelling of the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are everywhere, and only the superficial parts can be touched. The neck, submandibular, supraclavicular fossa, armpit, groin (thigh of the thigh) are the easiest to touch. Lymphitis is characterized by swelling, small swelling, and large swelling. Inflammation is severe and it will also purulent. Bacteria from the lymph nodes into the bloodstream can also cause systemic symptoms and fever. Here is the information I will help you find, refer to it. Acute lymphadenitis Acute lymphadenitis is caused by other inflammatory lesions, which are caused by the invasion of purulent bacteria along the lymphatic vessels into local lymph nodes. Therefore, this disease is often accompanied by lesions with primary infections, such as throat, mouth, head and face, etc., may be accompanied by swelling of the lymph nodes under the jaw or neck, pain. Most of the pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. The prone sites are lymph nodes in the genus, axilla, and groin.
Prevention
Lymphatic disease prevention
Lymphitis
Active prevention and treatment of primary lesions. When suffering from phlegm and athlete's foot, it should be avoided; active treatment, if the treatment is not timely, the disease may occur secondary to infection.
Lymph node enlargement
1. Develop good habits.
2, maintain a good attitude, stable mood, have healthy eating habits, usually eat more fruits and vegetables, etc., improve self-immunity.
3, must work in heavy smoke, try to protect yourself, such as wearing a mask, regularly go out to breathe some fresh air, at least once a year to check.
4. Keep away from smoke, alcohol, drugs, radiation, pesticides, noise, volatile harmful gases, toxic and harmful heavy metals.
Lymphoma
1. Develop good habits, quit smoking and alcohol, and smoke. The World Health Organization predicts that if people no longer smoke, after five years, the world's cancer will be reduced by one-third; secondly, no alcohol, tobacco and alcohol are Very acidic acid, people who smoke and drink for a long time can easily lead to acidic body.
2, do not eat too much salty and spicy food, do not eat overheated, too cold, expired and degraded food; old and frail or have a disease genetics, as appropriate, eat some anti-cancer foods and high alkali content Alkaline foods maintain a good mental state.
3, have a good attitude to cope with stress, work and rest, do not fatigue, visible pressure is an important cause of cancer, Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to overworked body and thus cause immune function decline, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders in the body, leading to acidic substances in the body Deposition; stress can also lead to mental stress causing qi stagnation and blood stasis, poisonous fire invagination and so on.
4, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, more exercise in the sun, more sweat can excrete acidic substances in the body with sweat to avoid the formation of acidic physique.
5, life should be regular, people with irregular living habits, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, no return to life, etc., will increase the acidification of the body, prone to cancer, should develop good habits, and thus remain weak Alkaline constitution, so that a variety of cancer diseases away from themselves.
6, do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry fish eggs, moldy food, etc., to eat some green organic food, to prevent disease from mouth.
Complication
Lymphatic complications Complications, cancer pain, infantile suppurative lymphadenitis, aversion to cold
Common complications are:
1, cervical lymph node metastasis
2, skin mucosal lymph node syndrome.
3, gastrointestinal loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction and bleeding.
4, liver and gallbladder liver parenchymal can cause pain in the liver area.
5, the clinical manifestations of bones have local bone pain and secondary nerve compression symptoms.
6, skin non-specific damage common pruritus and pruritus, pruritus is more common in Hodgkin's disease (accounting for 85%).
7, tonsil and mouth, nose, throat lymphoma invasion mouth, nose, pharynx, clinical dysphagia, nasal congestion, nasal discharge.
8, other lymphoma can still infiltrate the pancreas, malabsorption syndrome occurs.
Symptom
Symptoms of lymphopathy Common symptoms Lymph node puncture has grass... Post-ear lymph node enlargement Cervical lymphadenopathy Immunity decline fever with lymphadenosis... Clavicle and anterior oblique angle... Lymph node nodules chills
Lymphitis
1. A large number of enlarged lymph nodes of different sizes on one side or one side. From the beginning, it is a solitary nodule. It is painless, smooth and active. The lesion continues to develop, and the lymph nodes fuse into pieces, which are irregular and have poor activity. Lymph node necrosis, liquefaction, and formation of a cold abscess have a sense of fluctuation. After the abscess collapses into a sinus, the secretions are thin, containing cheese-like substances, the ulcer surface is pale or dark red, subcutaneous sneak, long-term unhealed.
2. There are often symptoms of chronic poisoning such as low fever, night sweats, anorexia, fatigue, and weight loss.
Lymph node enlargement
Most of the chronic lymph nodes have obvious infections, and often have localized lymphadenopathy, pain and tenderness, generally no more than 2 to 3 cm in diameter; tuberculous lymphadenitis has fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Seen in young and middle-aged, the lymph nodes are uneven in texture, some are lighter, some are harder, and they stick to each other and adhere to the skin; malignant lymphoma, which is often painless and progressively enlarged, can be swollen. From soy beans to jujube, medium hardness, generally no adhesion to the skin, in the first and middle stages, they do not fuse with each other and can be active. In the later stage, the lymph nodes can grow to a large size, and can also be fused into a large piece, the diameter of which is more than 20cm, invading the skin, and it will not heal after rupture.
Lymphoma
1, the main symptoms or signs of malignant lymphoma is superficial lymph node painless swelling, Hodgkin's disease usually has cervical or supraclavicular lymph node involvement, NHL in addition to the upper and lower lymph nodes, after careful clinical examination. Other lymphoid tissue sites such as the trochlear, orbital lymph nodes and the Wechsler ring were found to be invaded.
2, there may be symptoms of fever, night sweats or weight loss.
3, skin itching is more common in Hodgkin's disease than NHL, usually treated with antihistamine drugs.
4. Patients with Hodgkin's disease occasionally experience pain after drinking, and the pain is limited to the affected area.
5, in addition to lymphadenopathy, physical examination can still be found splenomegaly, and patients with splenomegaly often have hepatomegaly, advanced patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy may appear obstruction of the superior vena cava
Examine
Lymphatic examination
Laboratory inspection
1, blood
The total number and classification of peripheral blood leukocytes have certain reference value for judging the cause of lymphadenopathy. Lymph node enlargement with total white blood cells and neutrophils. Common in bacterial infections, but some Gram-negative bacilli infection, the total number of white blood cells can not be high, but neutrophils often increase, lymph node enlargement with normal or decreased white blood cell count and lymphocytosis, often consider viral infection, but by Epstein-Barr virus Infectious mononucleosis caused by infection, white blood cells are often elevated in the second week and abnormal lymphocytes (1O%-20% or more) are often found within three weeks. Eosinophilia suggests parasitism Insect infection or eosinophilic granulation, swollen lymph node enlargement with peripheral blood immature cells mostly in leukemia or cancer malignant histiocytosis (malignant group) often showed complete blood cell reduction in addition to fever, hepatic spleen lymph node enlargement.
2, bone marrow examination
Morphological examination of bone marrow smear cells is decisive for the diagnosis of leukemia plasmacytoma malignant histiocytosis, high snow disease Niemann-Pico, and if necessary, bone marrow pathology should be performed for metastatic cancer, although it is difficult to identify the primary site. However, it is decisive for identifying metastatic cancer cells.
3, serological examination
Suspected of infectious mononucleosis can be used for heterophilic agglutination test titer at 1:80 or more with clinical value > 1:200, can be diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis for suspected leptospirosis, Can do agglutination dissolution test more than 1:400 titer, positive for suspected sexually transmitted diseases can be done HlV antibody syphilis serological test, for suspected SLE and other autoimmune diseases caused by reactive lymphadenopathy should be the corresponding serum Learn to check.
4, lymph node puncture needle smear examination
Lymph node enlargement is more obvious and the position is superficial. The thicker needle can be used for lymph node puncture. It is easy to use a large negative pressure to aspirate a small amount of smear.
5, lymph node pathology
Lymph node enlargement is more obvious and the cause is unknown. If there is no surgical contraindication, it is usually necessary to routinely perform lymph node biopsy. At the same time, lymph node prints can be used to make morphological examination of the diseased cells more clearly than pathological sections.
Device inspection
1, lymphangiography
Deep lymph nodes such as pelvic retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph nodes are not easy to touch lymphangiography, which is a special examination method to understand whether it is swollen. In lymphangitis, lymph nodes are often enlarged and the edges are smooth. When malignant lymphoma is present, The enlarged internal structure of the lymph nodes is destroyed, and the edge of the lymph nodes of the foamy lymph node metastasis is irregular, and the worm-like shape often has internal structure filling defects or lymphatic obstruction.
2. Radionuclide scanning
The radioactive colloid injected into the subcutaneous or interstitial space is phagocytized by the phagocytic cells and then drained into the lymphatic vessels to the corresponding lymph nodes. The Y-camera or scanner can be used to obtain images of lymph nodes and lymphatic channels, such as injection into the toe of the foot. After the time, the inguinal herocardium can be used to visualize the total abdominal aorta lymph nodes, which is of great value for judging the deep lymph node enlargement and clear swelling. For example, one or more lymph node images, the increase in radioactivity is mostly lymphatic. Tumor tumors, such as one or more lymph node images missing or significantly reduced or significantly delayed radioactivity, often suggest the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes.
3, other
X-ray examination, CT examination, B-type ultrasound fiber endoscopy and other examinations can help to identify the location and nature of the primary lesion.
Diagnosis
Lymphatic diagnosis and identification
Lymphitis
Because lymph is a lymph node that is divided into specific regions, a certain part of the primary infection can only cause lymphadenitis in a certain part. Therefore, this disease occurs mostly in the neck, underarm and groin. After lymph node infection, it can cause inflammation around the lymph nodes, adhesions into a mass, and can develop into an abscess.
Lymph node enlargement
Lymph node enlargement should be carried out in a certain order so as not to cause omission. In order: the anterior ear of the ear, the suboccipital region of the suboccipital region, the submandibular subarachnoid lymph node, the cervical lymph node group, the supraclavicular fossa, the scapula, the inguinal hernia, the axillary lymph nodes, and the number of enlarged lymph nodes should be noted. Degree of presence or absence of adhesion, local skin, redness, swelling, scarring, scarring, acute atypical lymph nodes, swollen lymph nodes often have obvious tenderness, local redness, heat, etc., acute inflammation, chronic infection, general swelling of lymph nodes, mild texture, moderate In the case of adhesion to lymph node tuberculosis, if the tissue necrosis occurs, the lymph nodes of the fluctuating malignant lymphoma are often swollen. The texture is hard. For example, the cartilage lymph node metastasis is surrounded by a rubbery feeling and adhesion to surrounding tissues.
When the specimen is found to have lymphadenopathy, combined with other positive signs to comprehensively analyze the cause of the neck and submandibular lymph nodes with pharyngeal congestion and tonsil enlargement should be considered as acute tonsillitis with lymphadenopathy with jaundice should consider jaundice hepatitis malignant tissue Cytopathic leptospirosis and other lymphadenopathy with rash are more common in some infectious diseases or allergic diseases. Systemic lymphadenopathy with fever is seen in infectious mononucleosis leukemia and lymphoma.
Deep lymphadenopathy is difficult to reach and often appears due to its swelling and compression of adjacent organs. The diagnosis such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy can compress the superior vena cava and cause obstruction of blood flow in the superior vena cava. The upper cavity of the upper and upper extremity edema jugular vein engorgement Venous compression syndrome; retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy can compress the ureter and cause hydronephrosis. The solar plexus can cause severe and stubborn low back pain. The pain in the supine position is relieved. The supine position is aggravated; the paraspinal lymph nodes enlarge the spinal cord. Can cause paraplegia; lung disease caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy, compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause hoarseness and oppression of the esophagus can cause difficulty swallowing.
Lymphoma
The disease should be differentiated from lymph node tuberculosis, other inflammatory lymphadenitis, large lymph node hyperplasia and lymph node metastasis of other malignant tumors.
Lymphoma is divided into two types
1. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
There are two types:
B cell [B lymph node]
T cell [T lymph node]
Each of the above types is divided into two types:
(1) Chronic lymphoma - growth rate is very slow
(2) Invasive lymphoma - rapid growth
These two terms are often used when a doctor explains lymphoma.
2, Hodgkin's lymphoma
It is very similar to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but it is still different. For example, a abnormal cell in the patient's body - called Reed-Sternberg, is different. JJ's lymphoma, the order in which such cancer cells spread in the body is more orderly.
