mediastinal hernia
Introduction
Introduction to mediastinum Herniaofmediastinum means that part of the tissue of one side of the lung protrudes through the mediastinum to the other side of the chest, which is different from the mediastinal shift, which is displaced from the mediastinum along with its contents to the contralateral side, but both are clinically It is difficult to identify and often coexist. The mediastinum often occurs in the weak area of the anterior superior mediastinum, that is, at the level of the 1st to 4th costal cartilage, the sternum in front, the large blood vessel in the back, and the heart in the lower part. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: abdominal large vessel injury
Cause
Cause of mediastinal spasm
(1) Causes of the disease
Common such as one side of the lungs, tension pneumothorax, localized obstructive emphysema, pleural effusion, pulmonary cysts and tumors; or one side of atelectasis, one side of the total pneumonectomy, there is also a side of the chest The lesion produces scar contraction and the lung part of the contralateral thoracic cavity is pulled into the affected thoracic cavity through the weakened mediastinal structure, such as pulmonary tuberculosis fibrosis, chronic pleurisy scar contraction and the like.
(two) pathogenesis
The cause of mediastinal spasm is the uneven internal pressure of the thoracic cavity on both sides, which leads to the lower part of the chest cavity. The weak part of the mediastinum protrudes into the chest cavity with lower pressure in the lower part of the mediastinum to restore the balance of pleural pressure on both sides. .
Prevention
Mediastinal fistula prevention Stay optimistic and happy. Long-term mental stress, anxiety, irritability, pessimism and other emotions will make the balance of the cerebral cortex excitatory and inhibition process imbalance, so you need to maintain a happy mood.
Complication
Mediastinal fistula complications Complications of abdominal large blood vessels
When the mediastinum shifts, the large blood vessels are distorted.
Symptom
Symptoms of mediastinum common symptoms dyspnea mediastinal lesions tracheal displacement mediastinal cyst
The clinical manifestations of mediastinal fistula are mainly the symptoms and signs of the primary disease. For those who have tension pneumothorax, they have severe dyspnea and circulatory disturbance. Because the mediastinum and mediastinum shift coexist, the tracheal shift can be seen during physical examination. Position, apex beat point shift and other signs.
Examine
Examination of mediastinum
The blood is normal.
The posterior anterior chest radiograph and the mediastinal hilar of the mediastinal hilar showed that the local translucent area exceeded the tracheal axis, which was a sign of lung tissue invading the contralateral thoracic cavity. The lung tissue was rarely seen in the contralateral lung tissue, and the chest CT scan chest. CT can clearly show the location and extent of the mediastinum.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of mediastinum
The diagnosis of mediastinal fistula relies mainly on chest X-ray examination. The posterior anterior chest radiograph and the mediastinal hilar segment have visible local translucent area beyond the tracheal axis. It is a sign that the lung tissue breaks into the contralateral thoracic cavity and breaks into the contralateral lung tissue. Rarely seen in the lung texture, chest CT can clearly show the location and extent of the mediastinum, which is of great value for diagnosis. In addition, chest X-ray examination helps to identify the diagnosis of the primary disease leading to mediastinal spasm.
Most of the identification of the primary disease such as lung non-development or pulmonary hypoplasia needs to be differentiated from the atelectasis caused by pneumonia.
