juvenile melanoma
Introduction
Introduction to juvenile melanoma Juvenile melanoma (juvenile melanoma) is also known as benign juvenile melanoma (benignjuvenile melanoma), Spitz , fusiform and epithelioid cell (spindle and epithelioid nevus). A single red or reddish nodule in the child's face should be considered for this disease. It is a heteromorphic complex of the sputum, which occurs on the face. The damage is a single solid nodule, which often develops into an intradermal fistula after many years. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.00001% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sepsis
Cause
The cause of juvenile melanoma
(1) Causes of the disease
The etiology of this disease is not clear, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy.
(two) pathogenesis
The pathogenesis is still unclear. Pathological examination: Most of them are compound sputum, but also intradermal sputum and junction sputum. There are two types of sputum cells, spindle-shaped sputum cells and epithelioid sputum cells, often dominated by a sputum cell. The spindle-shaped sputum cells are long fusiform, the cytoplasm is fibrillar, the nucleus is elliptical or round, the nucleolus is large, the boundary is clear, and occasionally there are binuclear or multinuclear, sometimes the nucleus is deeply stained, and how many different normalities can be seen. The mitotic figures are arranged in bundles, loose, or vortex-like, often perpendicular to the epidermis.
Prevention
Juvenile melanoma prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Juvenile melanoma complications Complications sepsis
This disease can destroy the integrity of the skin, so it can cause skin bacterial infection or fungal infection due to scratching, usually secondary to low body, or long-term use of immunosuppressive agents and fungal infections such as nail fungus, such as concurrent bacterial infections. May have fever, skin swelling, ulceration and purulent secretion and other performance. Severe cases can lead to sepsis.
Symptom
Juvenile melanoma symptoms Common symptoms Black sputum nodules
1. It is a common form of compound sputum, which is rare, usually seen in children, and about 15% is found in adolescents and adults, without gender differences.
2. Occurs on the face, especially the cheeks, ears and limbs, other parts can also occur.
3. The damage is a single solid nodule, which is light red, red or brown reddish brown, and begins to grow faster. Generally, the diameter is several millimeters, and then it can reach 1~2cm, the top circle is round, the surface is smooth, no hair, or slightly braided. Or papillary, higher than the leather surface, slight trauma can cause bleeding and scarring, but rarely ulceration.
4. After many years of development, it often develops into intradermal nevi.
Examine
Juvenile melanoma examination
Histopathology: Most of them are complex sputum, but also intradermal sputum and junction sputum. There are two types of sputum cells, spindle-shaped sputum cells and epithelioid sputum cells, which are often dominated by a sputum cell. Shape, the cytoplasm is fibrillar, the nucleus is elliptical or round, the nucleolus is large, the boundary is clear, and there are occasional binuclear or multinuclear, sometimes the nucleus is deeply stained, and there are many different mitotic figures, arranged in bundles. Loose, or vortex-like, often perpendicular to the epidermis, epithelial-like sputum cells are large and polygonal, rich in cytoplasm, uniform in texture or fine-grained, with large nuclear staining, nucleus fission is rare, and sputum cells are mostly arranged in a nest. The size and shape of the nest are relatively uniform, and artificial fissures are often seen on the tissue sections, which have the maturation of melanocytes, and a large red body resembling a gel-like body appears in the basal cell layer of the epidermis above the dermal papilla. Kamino body, can be positive for PAS reaction.
The epidermis is hyperproliferative, the upper part of the dermis is edematous, the capillaries are dilated, and there is obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly lymphocytes and tissue cells, which are distributed in a sheet.
Spitz sometimes diffuses fibrosis, called fibrous tissue proliferative Spitz.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of juvenile melanoma
diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
Difficulties in the identification of nodular malignant melanoma, sometimes rely on a variety of morphological features, including clinical data, such as the presence of the following, tend to diagnose malignant melanoma:
1 atypical mitotic image;
2 tumor cells clearly extend to the upper epidermis;
3 mononuclear cells have excessive nuclear chromatin.
