Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia
Introduction
Introduction to Parrots Chlamydia Pneumonia Chlamydia psittaci is an early stage of lung disease (at the end of the 17th century), when the parrot was considered to be the host of the pathogen and the disease caused by it was called Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. The incubation period of Chlamydia psittaci is 1 to 2 weeks. Clinical symptoms can be mild or transient flu-like symptoms, or acute morbidity, accompanied by high fever, severe headaches and pneumonia. The clinical manifestations of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia are similar to Chlamydia pneumoniae, starting with fever, chills, headache, sweating and many other common systemic and respiratory symptoms such as discomfort, joint pain, myalgia, hemoptysis and pharyngitis. Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia should be distinguished from pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia, Legionella pneumophila, certain viruses and fungi. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: respiratory tract transmission, digestive tract transmission Complications: myocarditis, hepatitis, empyema, phlebitis
Cause
The cause of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia
Chlamydia psittaci infection (30%):
The source of the disease is the genus Chlamydia, which is the main source of infection. The disease can be transmitted through the respiratory tract or directly through the droplets or indirectly through the waste. Birds infected with Chlamydia psittaci usually involve the intestines, and the pathogens are excreted by the feces. Chlamydia psittaci is highly resistant to the outside world and can survive for several months in dry bird droppings. The bird-human infection is aerosol. Inhalation of the respiratory tract, there are reports of human-human transmission pathways in Chlamydia psittaci, but it is rare. After being inhaled into the body through the respiratory tract, the Chlamydia psittaci first enters the liver and spleen, and then enters the lungs and other organs through the blood, so humans Parrot fever can be either a respiratory infection or a systemic infection dominated by the respiratory system.
Low immunity (30%):
The body's immunity is low, which can also cause the occurrence of pneumonia in parrots.
Prevention
Parrot chlamydia pneumonia prevention
1. Parrot fever patients should be isolated. The sputum should be disinfected.
2. Avoid contact with infected parrots and other birds or poultry to prevent infection. Workers in the poultry processing industry should pay special attention to avoid occupational exposure.
3. Strengthen the management of international import quarantine and bird watching. If the diseased animals are found to be slaughtered or isolated, such as adding chlortetracycline to the feed or soaking seeds with tetracycline or chlortetracycline, all have therapeutic effects. .
Complication
Parrot chlamydia pneumonia complications Complications, myocarditis, hepatitis, empyema, phlebitis
It has been rare in recent years, but still need to pay attention to such as myocarditis, hepatitis, empyema, embolic phlebitis.
Symptom
Parrots Chlamydia pneumonia symptoms Common symptoms Hepatosplenomegaly Intrapulmonary lesions Hypoxemia Cold warfare High fever Hair proteinuria
The heat latency of parrots is 1 to 2 weeks. The clinical symptoms may be mild or transient flu-like symptoms, or acute onset, accompanied by high fever, severe headache and pneumonia. The clinical manifestations of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are similar to pneumonia. Chlamydia pneumonia begins with fever, chills, headache, sweating and many other common systemic and respiratory symptoms such as discomfort, joint pain, myalgia, hemoptysis and pharyngitis.
There are few positive signs in the lungs, and even faint squeaks and pleural friction sounds can be heard. People with extensive lung disease may have difficulty breathing and cyanosis. The skin of the trunk can be seen with a transient rash (Horder plaque). Severe pneumonia can be seen. Development of sputum, hypoxemia and even death, when the parrot heat affects the heart, the electrocardiogram changes myocarditis, in addition, the clinical manifestations of parrot fever can also have anemia, reactive hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, proteinuria, etc., parrot hot lungs X-ray mainly showed different degrees of pulmonary infiltration, such as diffuse bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia, but no specificity, and the absorption of lung lesions was slow.
Examine
Parrot chlamydia pneumonia examination
The most reliable method is to culture the Chlamydia psittaci, and take the nasopharyngeal or posterior pharyngeal swab, the trachea and bronchial aspirates, the alveolar lavage fluid and other specimens. The isolate can be cultured with the specific monoclonal antibody of Chlamydia psittaci. Identification.
The use of PCR tests to test the above specimens is very helpful for diagnosis, but attention should be paid to quality control to prevent false positive results.
Microimmunofluorescence assay (MIF) is currently the international standard and is the most commonly used serological diagnostic method for chlamydia. However, caution should be exercised in the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci. In addition to the patient's history of exposure to diseased birds, serum specimens should be simultaneously tested for trachoma. Chlamydia, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci antibodies and compare antibody titers, with the highest titer as the infected Chlamydia species, to determine whether it is Chlamydia psittaci, because there may be serological cross-reactivity between the three Chlamydia species, Chlamydia psittaci The clinical symptoms of pneumonia are similar to Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, but the incidence of the former is much lower than the latter. The serological diagnostic criteria are: MIF test IgG 1: 512 and / or IgM 1: 32, in the exclusion of rheumatoid factor A false positive caused by (RF) can be diagnosed as a recent infection, and a double-dose serum antibody titer of 4 or more increases is also diagnosed as a recent infection.
When the heat of the parrot affects the heart, the electrocardiogram changes myocarditis. The hot lung X-ray of the parrot mainly shows different degrees of pulmonary infiltration, such as diffuse bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia, but it is not specific, and the absorption of lung lesions is slow.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia
diagnosis
The clinical symptoms and X-ray findings of Chlamydia pneumoniae are not specific and cannot be differentiated from Chlamydia pneumoniae. Patients suspected of having parrot fever must have a history of exposure to birds such as parrots, such as the history of raising pets, or Friends or neighbors who have a pet bird, or families who have been to a bird in another area, and a history of occupational contact with birds or birds, rely on laboratory diagnosis.
1. The most reliable method is to culture the Chlamydia psittaci, take the nasopharyngeal or posterior pharyngeal swab, trachea and bronchial aspirate, alveolar lavage fluid and other specimen culture, the isolate can be used to coat the specific species of Chlamydia psittaci Antibodies were identified.
2. The application of PCR test to the above specimens is very helpful for diagnosis, but attention should be paid to quality control to prevent false positive results.
3. Microimmunofluorescence assay (MIF) is currently the international standard and is the most commonly used serological diagnostic method for chlamydia. However, caution should be exercised in the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci. In addition to the patient's history of exposure to sick birds, serum specimens should be simultaneously Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci antibodies and comparison of antibody titers, with the highest titer as the infected Chlamydia species, to determine whether it is Chlamydia psittaci, because there may be serological cross-reaction between the three Chlamydia species, parrot The clinical symptoms of Chlamydia pneumoniae are similar to Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, but the incidence of the former is much lower than the latter. The serological diagnostic criteria are: MIF test IgG 1: 512 and/or IgM 1:32, in the exclusion class A false positive caused by rheumatoid factor (RF) can be diagnosed as a recent infection, and a double-dose serum antibody titer of 4 times or more is also diagnosed as a recent infection.
Differential diagnosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia should be distinguished from Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia, Legionella pneumophila, certain viruses and fungi caused by pneumonia. If there is no obvious pulmonary symptoms, attention should be paid to the identification of systemic febrile diseases.
