bronchial hypoplasia
Introduction
Introduction to bronchial hypoplasia There are many types of congenital bronchial hypoplasia, such as congenitalbronchialatresia, tracheomalacia and tracheobronchialmealy, which often show varying degrees of stenosis and obstruction. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: prevalence rate is about 0.001% in infants and young children Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: emphysema, respiratory infection
Cause
Causes of bronchial hypoplasia
(1) Causes of the disease
The cause is unknown.
(two) pathogenesis
Congenital bronchial atresia manifests as stenosis and obstruction of the bronchus, often occurring in the beginning of the lobes of the leaves, segments or sub-segments, mostly in the upper bronchus, while the lower bronchus is less common, narrow or obstructed distally. The bronchus may remain unobstructed, but there is a lot of mucus retention in the lumen, and a mucus plug is formed. The wall structure is normal or thin, but there is no abnormality of cartilage, and the corresponding segment of the lung is atelectasis or emphysema, depending on the stenosis or obstruction. Degree.
Tracheal softening is characterized by local absence of tracheal cartilage. Due to airway obstruction and repeated respiratory infections, there is also bronchitis. Focal or diffuse tracheal cartilage ring hypoplasia is characterized by cartilage deformation of the wall. Cylindrical or funnelform stenosis and obstruction.
Mounier-Kaln syndrome is characterized by defects in the connective tissue of the wall, the tracheobronchial cavity is generally enlarged, and the periphery is cystic bronchiectasis.
Prevention
Bronchial hypoplasia prevention
Prevent colds and avoid getting cold.
Complication
Bronchial dysplasia complications Complications, emphysema, respiratory infection
Concurrent with upper respiratory tract infection or emphysema.
Symptom
Symptoms of bronchial hypoplasia Common symptoms Chondroital dysplasia and... Respiratory difficulty repeated upper respiratory tract infection
About half of the patients developed symptoms before the age of 15 and presented with dyspnea, wheezing and recurrent respiratory infections, as well as other congenital malformations, such as skeletal dysplasia syn. In some cases, the clinical symptoms were not obvious. , found by chest X-ray examination.
Examine
Examination of bronchial hypoplasia
White blood cells increase in respiratory infections.
1. Chest X-ray film shows increased lung field transparency in the lesion area, and adjacent lung tissue and mediastinal pressure displacement, chest CT scan can more clearly show emphysema area, often triangular, and close to the hilar.
2. Bronchial angiography showed that the bronchial lung segment was absent or dilated, and the adjacent leaf bronchus was under pressure.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of bronchial hypoplasia
According to the clinical manifestations of wheezing, difficulty breathing, repeated respiratory infections, chest X-ray abnormalities can be diagnosed.
Need to be different from upper respiratory tract infection, chronic bronchitis.
