glomus tumor
Introduction
Introduction to glomus tumor Glomus tumors (glomustumor) can be divided into single glomus tumors and multiple glomus tumors often have significant tenderness and spontaneous pain, but even if there is no pain, the toe damage is more common in women, occurs in other parts Men are more common and usually distributed in the trunk up to dozens. When the skin lesions are clustered, they can fuse into a mass of glomus tumors, although they can occur in other parts of the body, but they are more common in the hands. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: young and middle-aged women Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malnutrition
Cause
Cause of glomus tumor
Trauma (45%)
A glomus tumor is a benign tumor that evolved from a normal glomus. The glomus is a normal tissue located in the skin and may function to control peripheral blood vessels, regulate blood flow, blood pressure, and body temperature. Trauma causes the vascular ball to receive inflammation and external stimuli, leading to disease.
Genetic factors (20%)
The disease is more common, and multiple occurrences are rare. Single-shot people are more common in men, especially in children (average age of statistical onset, 26.3% occurred before the age of 15), clinical case statistics show a family history of glomus tumors, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance.
Other factors (10%)
Local stimulation by long-term compression, friction, temperature changes, etc. can also induce glomus tumors.
Prevention
Hemangioma prevention
Pay attention to the diet: eat more fruits, vegetables, soybeans, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, spinach, jujube. Can eat chicken, sheep, beef, etc. Avoid tobacco and alcohol. Do not eat spicy or heavy food. Do not eat stale or irritating food. Eat less smoked, grilled, marinated, fried, salty food.
Complication
Hemangioma complication Complications malnutrition
Multiple glomus tumors are rare, mostly in childhood, manifesting as large blue soft nodules, extensive damage, but also limited, many no symptoms, a small number of patients can have both painful and painless skin damage. Severe cases lead to local blood circulation disorders, leading to spontaneous intermittent pain, unbearable tenderness and hot and cold irritating pain, severe local vascular occlusion, tissue malnutrition, secondary infection and even necrosis.
Symptom
Symptoms of glomus tumor Common symptoms Severe pain Radioactive pain Subcutaneous nodules Nodules Vessel wall and surrounding ...
Hemangiomas can be divided into single glomus tumors and multiple glomus tumors. Single glomus tumors are common, with pale purple or dark blue nodules, several millimeters in diameter, and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can help. In the scope of surgery to determine the tumor, multiple glomus tumors are rare, generally no tenderness.
1. Growing parts: The most common type of fingernail bed can occur in any other part of the body. The good hair part is under the nail, but it can also occur in the fingers, arms, etc. The toe damage is more common in women, which occurs in Other parts, males are more common, a small blood cell-like, dark red or purple blue, visible high or blue through the nail, clinical lesions similar to blue rubber blisters, usually widely distributed in the trunk, up to Dozens of skin lesions can be fused into clumps when clustered, and the tumor progresses progressively, causing ulcers.
2. Local severe pain: often there are significant tenderness and spontaneous pain. In severe cases, the tenderness is severely radioactive pain, but even if there is no pain, it is characterized by no pain or no pain, and the pain is obvious after hot and cold stimulation. When eating acid and mood fluctuations, the pain is aggravated and the pain at night is obvious.
3. Use a pin to round the head to press out the part: if it grows under the skin of other parts, it may also touch the painful subcutaneous nodules, or see the local skin dark.
Examine
Examination of glomus tumors
Physical examination
The pin press test (with the tip of the pin pressing the surface of the tumor to cause pain) is positive.
2. Laboratory examination
Histopathology is seen in the dilated vascular lumen, which is lined with a single layer of flattened endothelial cells, surrounded by several or more layers of vascular cells. There may be connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue and unmyelinated nerve fibers in the tumor. Under the electron microscope, the tumor cells have the characteristics of smooth muscle cells, not the outer skin cells. Immunohistochemistry stained positive for Vimentin and basement membrane components.
3. Imaging examination
X-ray examination is used to check whether the glomus tumor has oppressed the phalanx, forming a phalanx impression, and can observe whether the glomus tumor has a sclerotic change. Magnetic resonance imaging can detect lesions earlier, clearly show the boundaries, accurate positioning, and clearly show the relationship with surrounding tissues, which is helpful for surgical determination of tumor extent.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of glomus tumor
diagnosis
Diagnosis of finger damage with typical triads is easier. Pain in the finger (toe), especially in the case of cold, local impact and compression, should first consider the finger glomus tumor. Combined with the pin test positive and X-ray suggesting that there is a tumor indentation on the dorsal side of the phalanx, the diagnosis can be confirmed. The glomus tumor outside the nail bed is small in size, deep in location, inaccurate in positioning, and lacks the typical triad of glomus tumors. It is difficult to diagnose and often misdiagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
The lower glomus tumor should be distinguished from the epiphyseal, fibroid, black tumor, etc. The other parts of the underarm should be differentiated from the neurofibromatosis and hemangioma. The differential diagnosis point is vascular tumor with fixed point pain and cold sensitivity. It can be seen that vascular cells of uniform size are arranged around the vessel wall.
Multiple glomus tumors need to be differentiated from blue pacifier syndrome (BRBNS). The difference between the two is that the latter is often congenital, and the disease often begins in childhood; BRBNS often involves the gastrointestinal tract, and the disease rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract; histopathological features of the disease Sexual glomus cells, while BRBNS have no glomus cells.
