Astrovirus gastroenteritis
Introduction
Introduction to astrovirus gastroenteritis Astrovirus gastroenteritis is caused by astrovirus infection, which is more common in children under 7 years of age and often erupts. Acute onset, the main clinical symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and water-like stools. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.05% - 0.06% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: digestive tract transmission of respiratory tract Complications: otitis media, bronchitis, sepsis
Cause
Astrovirus gastroenteritis
(1) Causes of the disease
The astrovirus was first described and named by Madeley and Cosgrove in 1975. The virus particles vary in size, with an average diameter of 28 nm ± 0.5 nm. This is the name of 5 to 6 star-shaped protrusions on the surface of the virus. There are five antigenic types that can grow in human embryonic kidney cells.
(two) pathogenesis
Same as intestinal adenovirus gastroenteritis.
Prevention
Astrovirus gastroenteritis prevention
Can be divided into two aspects of social and personal. Social prevention measures are mainly taken by the public health department. The main ones are: doing public health education, raising public awareness and ability to prevent diseases; doing food and drinking water work, strengthening patients, close contacts and direct contact with the environment. Management and other work, actively cut off the path of infection.
Complication
Astrovirus gastroenteritis complications Complications otitis media bronchitis sepsis
Due to diarrhea, poor absorption of nutrients, coupled with poor appetite, and reduced intake of nutrients, can cause a lack of various nutrients. Chronic diarrhea is particularly serious, with malnutrition, nutritional anemia, and various vitamin deficiencies. Long-term diarrhea after systemic resistance is low, can be secondary to various infections, common otitis media, bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin infections and sepsis.
Symptom
Astrovirus gastrointestinal symptoms common symptoms diarrhea nausea and vomiting watery stool pain
(1) Ordinary rotavirus gastroenteritis The incubation period is 1 to 3 days. The condition varies greatly, and the symptoms of children aged 6-24 months are heavy, while those of older children or adults are mostly mild or subclinical. The onset is urgent, and more vomiting and diarrhea, accompanied by mild to moderate fever. Diarrhea varies from ten to dozens of times a day, and the stool is mostly watery, or yellow-green loose stools, often accompanied by mild or moderate dehydration and metabolic poisoning.
Some cases often have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before gastrointestinal symptoms appear.
The disease is a self-limiting disease with a course of about 1 week. However, in a short period of time, a small number of children still have poor absorption of disaccharides, especially lactose. Diarrhea can last for several weeks, and individual cases can last for several months.
(B) adult diarrhea rotavirus gastroenteritis incubation period of 2-3 days, onset of acute, no fever or only low fever, with diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension as the main symptoms. Diarrhea varies from 3 to 10 times a day. It is yellow water or rice soup, and there is no pus. Some cases have symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. The course of disease is 3-6 days, and can be as long as 10 days or more.
A small number of patients can be complicated by intussusception, rectal bleeding, hemolytic uremic syndrome, encephalitis and Reye syndrome.
Examine
Check for astrovirus gastroenteritis
Laboratory inspection
Dependent on pathogens and serology to confirm the diagnosis. The virus particles are detected from the patient's stool by electron microscopy or immunoelectron microscopy, or the viral antigen can be detected from the feces by ELISA and RIA. Specific antibodies, particularly IgM antibodies, in the serum of patients can also be detected by ELISA or RIA.
Specific diagnostic test
(1) Rotary granules can be found by taking feces for direct or immunoelectron microscopy.
(2) The detection of viral antigen in fecal supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Immnnoenzyme dot test has high sensitivity and specificity.
(3) Extracting viral RNA from feces, performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining, and examining the presence or absence of rotavirus RNA electropherogram, which has both diagnostic value and different types of virus infection.
(4) Serological test, 5 days after infection, specific IgM antibodies can be detected in the blood, which is also helpful for the diagnosis of this disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of astrovirus gastroenteritis
diagnosis
Dependence on pathogens and serology to confirm the diagnosis of virus particles by electron microscopy or immunoelectron microscopy, or detection of viral antigens from feces by ELISA and RIA, or ELISA, RIA detection of serum in patients Specific antibodies, especially IgM antibodies, are useful for diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
It needs to be differentiated from acute enteritis caused by Nordisk virus, intestinal adenovirus, calicivirus, and astrocytes.
