calf artery injury
Introduction
Introduction to calf artery injury The calf artery includes the anterior tibialis anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The anterior tibial artery is separated from the iliac artery, and the lower leg bone membrane is applied to the deep part of the anterior group of the lower leg. The artery is distributed along the path of the calf muscle and the nearby skin. Downward to dorsal foot movements of the dorsal artery. The dorsal artery of the foot branches to the back of the foot and the back of the toe, and branches are worn to the sole of the foot, which is called the deep branch of the foot. The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the radial artery. It is shallow along the back of the calf and descends between the deep layers. The iliac artery is issued at the beginning, and the branch is placed on the iliac crest, the tibia and the calf, and the outer group muscle. The trunk is transferred to the plantar through the medial malleolus. It is divided into the medial plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery, which are distributed in the plantar muscle and skin. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: 0.04%-0.09% (the incidence of this disease in patients with limb trauma is about 0.04%-0.09%) Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: tibiofibular fractures Lower extremity varicose veins
Cause
Causes of calf arterial injury
Causes:
Mostly, they are stab wounds, and there are also external violence and stabbing of foreign sharp objects.
Pathogenesis:
The calf artery refers to the anterior iliac artery and the radial artery, which are separated from the iliac artery. The anterior tibial artery is connected with the dorsal artery. The iliac artery is 3.5 to 4 cm long, and then divided into the posterior tibial artery and the iliac artery. 2 branches descended along the deep fascia, and the posterior tibial artery was divided into the medial plantar and lateral plantar artery. The dorsal artery and the plantar artery formed the plantar arch and then separated distally. The cause of injury to the toe artery and calf artery is mostly due to the fracture of the humerus (multiple of the upper end of the humerus), followed by external violence, including sharp stab wounds, calf crush injuries, etc. Arterial stem injury is a good site for acute ischemic contracture of the calf. The vascular injury caused by comminuted fracture of the calf is wide, not only the arteries, but also the venous system, and it is easy to have the calf muscle interval hypertension syndrome and aggravate the blood vessels. degree of damage.
Prevention
Calf injury prevention
Mainly timely found timely treatment. Most of the causes of calf arteries are caused by fractures of the tibia (multiple humerus), followed by external violence, including sharp stab wounds, calf crush injuries, and radial artery injury caused by upper humeral fractures. It is a good site for acute ischemic contracture of the calf. The vascular injury caused by comminuted fracture of the calf is wide, not only the arteries, but also the venous system, and it is easy to have the calf muscle interval hypertension syndrome at the same time and increase the degree of vascular injury.
Complication
Complication of calf arterial injury Complications, tibiofibular fractures, lower extremity varices
Often can be associated with calf muscle compartment syndrome.
Symptom
Calf arterial injury symptoms Common symptoms Gastrocnemius tendon pain Trauma hematoma formation calf sore foot dorsal artery pulsation disappears gastrocnemius tendon
There are diversity, depending on the number of affected blood vessels, the location and the associated injuries, and there are clinical symptoms and signs of severity, but the following performance is universal.
1. The dorsal artery pulsation weakens or disappears: For the common symptoms of calf arterial injury, the anterior tibial artery is hindered. The other two arterial trunks are involved, and the reflex of the limbs can also cause the anterior tibial artery spasm and the weakening or disappearance of the dorsal artery pulsation.
2. The calf traumatic reaction is serious: In addition to sharply invading the blood vessels directly, the violence that usually causes the injury of the calf arteries is more intense, so the fractures and soft tissue injuries are also obvious, and the traumatic reaction is also serious, plus the calf. The muscle interval is more, and it is easy to aggravate the condition due to poor drainage.
3. Prone to calf muscle compartment syndrome: In addition to violent factors, sputum and obstruction after arterial injury not only directly cause ischemic changes of muscles and nerve branches, but also exacerbate the high pressure state in the muscle interval, therefore, calf muscle interval syndrome The incidence is clearly high, and the two can form a vicious circle of each other.
4. Other symptoms: The local pulsating hematoma of the calf and the blood spill (spray) are the unique symptoms and signs of arterial injury, which should be carefully observed.
Examine
Examination of calf arterial injury
Can not be diagnosed, feasible Doppler blood flow detector and ultrasound angiography technical examination, to help diagnose.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of calf arterial injury
Mainly based on the history of trauma and clinical manifestations, about 80% of cases can be diagnosed, those with obvious clinical symptoms can not be diagnosed, feasible Doppler blood flow detector and ultrasound angiography technical examination, which is helpful for diagnosis, and those who endanger physical safety should Surgical exploration.
