Cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome
Introduction
Introduction to cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome Cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome is caused by necrotic dissection of the digestive system cancer and invasion of the tumor, causing the procoagulant substance to enter the bloodstream to initiate the coagulation system, causing cardiovascular damage caused by blood coagulation and thrombosis. Mainly relying on blood routine, biochemical and coagulation function tests, due to necrosis of cancer of the digestive system and invasion of the tumor, destroying the tissue and causing a large amount of procoagulant substances to enter the blood. The results of biochemical tests can show that the blood contains excessive amounts of procoagulant substances. Coagulation function test can also significantly shorten the blood coagulation time, and these results are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: thrombophlebitis Raynaud's disease
Cause
Cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome etiology
As the digestive system tumor necrosis disintegration and cancer infiltration destroy the tissue, the procoagulant substance enters the blood to initiate the coagulation system, causing blood clotting and cardiovascular damage caused by thrombosis.
Prevention
Cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome prevention
The disease focuses on prevention. Once the disease is mostly worse, the disease is relieved, the primary disease is actively treated, and patients are often encouraged to get out of bed early. Promoting venous return is a safe and effective measure to prevent deep vein thrombosis.
Complication
Cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome complications Complications Thrombophlebitis Reynolds disease
Complications of the disease include: thrombophlebitis, lymphedema, and Raynaud's phenomenon.
1. Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis refers to acute non-suppurative inflammation in the venous lumen accompanied by thrombosis. The lesion mainly involves the superficial veins and deep veins of the extremities. Thrombosis can cause inflammation, and inflammation can also cause thrombosis. Thrombosis in different places can lead to different clinical symptoms. Thrombosis occurring in the extremities often presents with pain, tenderness and swelling. If the thrombus occurs in the lungs, it can manifest as difficulty breathing, chest pain, cough and hemoptysis.
2, lymphedema
Secondary lymphedema is caused by infection, especially foot dermatophytosis. In the elderly, it can be caused by pelvic or inguinal malignant disease and after radiation therapy. Lymphedema can cause complications due to infection (lymphangiitis) It is characterized by chills, high fever, symptoms of poisoning and redness, heat and swelling of the lower limbs. Red streaks of lymphangitis and enlarged groin and tender lymph nodes on the skin. The above manifestations are different from acute thrombophlebitis. Surgical or radiotherapy Occlusion of lymphoid tissue is also the cause of lymphedema.
3, Raynaud phenomenon
The Raynauds phenomenon (Rp) is a peripheral circulatory disease in which sudden sputum of the fingertips occurs under the stimulation of cold or emotional stress. Typical Rp symptoms include coldness of several or a few fingers or toes. Or after emotional stress, the episodes of pale and subsequent cyanosis, after sputum or warmth to ruddy, may be accompanied by local numbness or tingling in the onset of Rp, Rp most often affects the fingers, but the toes, ears, nose and tongue can also be affected Sustained or frequent onset of Rp can result in ischemic ulceration or necrosis of the fingertip.
Symptom
Symptoms of cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome common symptoms thrombus shedding
1. Thrombophlebitis, often associated with pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, colon and rectal cancer.
2. Lymphatic edema, found in rectal cancer and metastatic colon cancer, due to cancer compression or occlusion of lymphatic vessels, manifested as localized edema in the corresponding lymphatic drainage area, mostly unilateral, sometimes similar to skin swelling .
3. Raynaud's phenomenon, found in colon cancer and pancreatic cancer, mainly manifested as acute acral ischemia, such as acral vaginal discharge, purpura, flushing sequence, there are also persistent purpura.
4. Non-bacterial thrombotic sacral endocarditis can be seen in gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The endocardium has sputum-like thrombus deposition, most of which invade the left heart valve, sometimes involving the tricuspid valve. Cause multiple organ embolism.
Examine
Examination of cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome
Mainly relying on blood routine, biochemical and coagulation function tests, due to necrosis of cancer of the digestive system and invasion of the tumor, destroying the tissue and causing a large amount of procoagulant substances to enter the blood. The results of biochemical tests can show that the blood contains excessive amounts of procoagulant substances. Coagulation function test can also significantly shorten the blood coagulation time, and these results are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular and thromboembolic syndrome
diagnosis
Mainly relying on blood routine, biochemical and coagulation function tests, due to necrosis of cancer of the digestive system and invasion of the tumor, destroying the tissue and causing a large amount of procoagulant substances to enter the blood. The results of biochemical tests can show that the blood contains excessive amounts of procoagulant substances. Coagulation function test can also significantly shorten the blood coagulation time, and these results are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease.
Differential diagnosis
Clinically, it needs to be differentiated from thromboembolism caused by other causes. There are many causes of thrombosis. Correctly judging the cause of thrombosis will help to better treat. The main causes of thrombosis are as follows:
(1) Age: Due to the hardening of the elderly, the activity is reduced, and there are a large number of underlying diseases, especially hypertensive heart disease. The venous blood flow is slow, the white blood cells are attached to the wall, and the platelets are locally deposited and deposited in the blood vessels. On the membrane, a thrombus is formed.
(2) Season: In the hot climate season, especially from June to August, sweat evaporation is more, blood concentration is obvious, blood viscosity is increased, which is a good cause of thrombosis.
(3) Surgery: Injury to the vein and physical damage during surgery can lead to the destruction of the intima of the blood vessels, so that the release of tissue factor accelerates the formation of thrombus. In addition, the infection after surgery also significantly increases the probability of thrombosis.
(4) Trauma: The swelling, compression, vascular injury, surgical stimulation, etc. of the mouth or injured part of the tissue are greatly increased the chance of thrombosis.
(5) Burns: After the burn, the patient should be supine for a long time. When the prosthetic lower abdominal cushion is used, the tibiofemoral vein is directly pressed, the mechanical stimulation during large-scale debridement, repeated venipuncture and indwelling during infusion. The damage to the intima, the absorption of necrotic substances, the release of a large number of inflammatory mediators in the systemic inflammatory response, and the imbalance of water and electrolytes contribute to the formation of thrombi.
(6) Tumor: The physical compression of the tumor itself and the metabolites of the tumor cause the negative charge on the surface of the blood cell to accelerate the blood coagulation.
(7) Wide use of TPN, long-term deep venous catheterization, inappropriate deep intravenous infusion, so that there are many iatrogenic deep vein thrombosis in the clinic, in addition, infection, diabetes, local lesions are also venous thrombosis One of the important reasons.
