Paediatric choroid plexus papilloma
Introduction
Introduction to choroid plexus papilloma in children The choroid plexus papilloma (papillomaofchoroidplexus) is a slow-growing benign tumor originating from the choroid plexus epithelial cells in the ventricles, often producing hydrocephalus. The choroid plexus papilloma in childhood is mostly located in the lateral ventricle (60%-70%). Most of the triangles can occur in the horns, forehead or body. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0013% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: ataxia
Cause
Pediatric choroid plexus papilloma etiology
(1) Causes of the disease
The choroid plexus papilloma originates from the choroid plexus epithelial cells in the ventricles, and the cause is unclear.
(two) pathogenesis
It accounts for 2% to 3% of children's brain tumors, and mainly grows in each ventricle. The tumor under the naked eye is pink, soft, spherical, with irregular rounded sputum biological tissues, like cauliflower, crisp, blood. The tumor tissue under the microscope is very similar to the normal choroid plexus. The papillary tissue formed by blood vessels and connective tissue is covered by a single columnar epithelium, and the cells are benign. Papilloma choroideum accounts for 10% of the tumor. 20%, invasive growth, histologically can see the abnormality of tumor cells and mitotic figures, regardless of benign and malignant tumors, because the nipple easily falls into the cerebrospinal fluid, forming cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, more than 90% of patients can be secreted by tumor Excessive cerebrospinal fluid causes hydrocephalus in the hydrocephalus; in addition, different parts of the tumor may have different manifestations. Most of the tumors in the fourth ventricle are ataxia, and most of the lateral ventricle tumors have epilepsy, hemiplegia, and hemianopia.
Prevention
Prevention of choroid plexus papilloma in children
Refer to the general tumor prevention methods, understand the risk factors of tumors, and formulate corresponding prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of tumors. There are two basic clues to prevent tumors. Even if tumors have begun to form in the body, they can help the body to improve resistance. These strategies are as follows:
1. Avoid harmful substances (promoting factors) that can help us avoid or minimize exposure to harmful substances.
Some related factors of tumorigenesis are prevented before the onset, and many cancers can be prevented before they are formed. A report in the United States in 1988 compared the international malignant tumors in detail and proposed many external factors of known malignant tumors. In principle, it can be prevented, that is, about 80% of malignant tumors can be prevented by simple lifestyle changes, and traced back. In 1969, Dr. Higginson's research concluded that 90% of malignant tumors are caused by environmental factors," "Environmental factors", "lifestyle" refers to the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we choose to make, the habits of activities, and social relationships.
2. Improve the body's immunity against tumors can help improve and strengthen the body's immune system and cancer.
The focus of our current cancer prevention efforts should first focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as quitting smoking, eating properly, exercising regularly, and losing weight. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can Reduce the chance of cancer.
Promote the body's immunity against cancer: The most important thing to improve the function of the immune system is: diet, exercise and control troubles, healthy lifestyle choices can help us stay away from cancer, maintain good emotional state and appropriate physical exercise can make the body The immune system is at its best, and it is also good for preventing tumors and preventing other diseases. In addition, studies have shown that appropriate activities not only enhance the body's immune system, but also reduce the incidence of colon cancer by increasing the peristalsis of the human intestinal system. Here we mainly understand some of the problems of diet in preventing tumors.
Human epidemiology and animal studies have shown that vitamin A plays an important role in reducing the risk of cancer. Vitamin A supports normal mucosa and vision. It directly or indirectly participates in most of the body's tissue functions. Vitamin A is present in animal tissues. In the liver, whole eggs and whole milk, the plant is in the form of -carotene and carotenoids, which can be converted into vitamin A in the human body. Excessive intake of vitamin A can cause adverse reactions in the body and -carrot This is not the case with carotenoids, and the low vitamin A content in the blood increases the risk of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that those with low levels of vitamin A intake in the blood increase the likelihood of lung cancer, while those with low blood levels in smokers Levels of vitamin A ingestors have the potential to double lung cancer. Vitamin A and its mixture can help remove free radicals in the body (free radicals can cause damage to genetic material), and secondly stimulate the immune system and help differentiate cells in the body. Ordered tissue (while the tumor is characterized by disorder), some theories suggest that vitamin A can help early carcinogens Invasion mutated cells become reversed the occurrence of the normal growth of cells.
In addition, some studies suggest that supplementation with -carotene alone does not reduce the risk of cancer, but rather increases the incidence of lung cancer. However, when -carotene binds to vitamin C, E and other antitoxin substances, its protective effect. It is shown, because it can increase free radicals in the body when it is consumed by itself. In addition, there are interactions between different vitamins. Both human and mouse studies have shown that the use of -carotene can reduce 40% of vitamins in the body. At E-level, a safer strategy is to eat different foods to maintain a balanced vitamin to protect against cancer, as some protective factors have not been discovered so far.
Vitamin C, E is another anti-tumor substance that prevents the harm of carcinogens such as nitrosamines in food. Vitamin C protects sperm from genetic damage and reduces the risk of leukemia, kidney cancer and brain tumors in their offspring. Vitamin E can reduce the risk of skin cancer. Vitamin E has the same anti-tumor effect as vitamin C. It is a scavenger that protects against toxins and scavenges free radicals. The combination of vitamins A, C and E protects the body against toxins. Better than applying it alone.
At present, research on phytochemistry has attracted widespread attention. Phytochemistry is a chemical found in plants, including vitamins and other substances found in plants. Thousands of plant chemicals have been found, many of which have anticancer properties. The protective mechanism of these chemicals not only reduces the activity of carcinogens but also enhances the body's immunity against carcinogens. Most plants provide antioxidant activity that exceeds the protective effects of vitamins A, C, and E, such as a cup of cabbage. Contains 50mg of vitamin C and 13U of vitamin E, but its antioxidant activity is equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 800mg of vitamin C and 1100u of vitamin E. It can be inferred that the antioxidant effect in fruits and vegetables is far better than what we know. The effect of vitamins is strong, and no doubt natural plant products will help prevent cancer in the future.
Complication
Pediatric choroid plexus papilloma complications Complications, ataxia
Visual impairment, ataxia, forced head position, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. may occur.
Symptom
Symptoms of choroid plexus papilloma in children Common symptoms Irritable intracranial pressure increased hydrocephalus ataxia sputum sputum tension increased gait instability two eyes upper visual disorder visual impairment obsessive head nystagmus
1. Hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure Most patients present with hydrocephalus, the causes of which include direct obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation caused by obstructive hydrops and cerebrospinal fluid production and absorption disorders caused by traffic hydrocephalus, tumors accounted for The bit effect is also a cause of increased intracranial pressure. Children can be characterized by an increase in the head, an increase in the tension of the anterior tibia, and a mental apathy or irritability.
2. Localized nerve damage The tumor has a contralateral mild pyramidal tract sign in half of the lateral cavity; affecting visual radiation may also cause visual visual impairment; located in the posterior of the three-chamber, there may be difficulty in visualizing both eyes; in the posterior cranial fossa Unstable gait, nystagmus and ataxia; some tumors moving in the ventricles can cause a sudden obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and a forced head position, and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage can also occur.
Examine
Examination of choroid plexus papilloma in children
Cerebrospinal fluid examination: increased intracranial pressure with lumbar puncture combined with obstructive hydrocephalus, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein content is one of the characteristics of this disease, and some even appear yellow.
1. X-ray plain film and contrast patients showed signs of intracranial hypertension; 15% to 20% of the tumors showed calcification; the common features of ventriculography were ventricular enlargement and irregular filling defects of the tumor; cerebral angiography was characterized by : Abnormal tumor staining of the lateral ventricle triangle, anterior or posterior choroid plexus dilatation and blood supply to the tumor, ventricle enlargement and displacement to the healthy side.
2. CT tumors usually show equal or high density, and the boundaries are clear and irregular. Pathological calcification is seen, which is accompanied by hydrocephalus that is not commensurate with the size of the tumor. The enhanced scan shows obvious uniform enhancement.
3. MRI tumors showed a slightly longer T1 low signal, which was lower than the brain parenchyma signal but higher than the cerebrospinal fluid signal. The T2 image showed an equal or high signal. As shown in Fig. 2, the boundary between the tumor and the cerebrospinal fluid was clear and uniform.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma in children
According to the above clinical manifestations, the choice of auxiliary examination CT and MRI examinations are helpful for the diagnosis of tumors. In addition, in order to determine the blood supply of tumors, cerebral angiography or MRI angiography can be performed.
Different from other intracranial tumors.
