aneurysmal bone cyst in children
Introduction
Introduction to aneurysmal bone cyst in children An aneurysmalbone cyst is a benign single bone tumor characterized by a uniform foamy translucent area within the tumor. This disease often occurs in older children and young adults. The tumor is often located in the metaphysis of the long bone and the back of the backbone or spine. The local pain is swollen and the affected area is dysfunctional. When it is located in the spine, it can produce spinal cord compression symptoms. The pressure is often high. Aneurysmal bone cyst is an expansive osteolytic lesion composed of blood chambers of different sizes. The wall of the capsule is connective tissue containing bone-like tissue, trabecular bone and osteoclast-type giant cells. In the debate. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.003%-0.005% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dyskinesias, muscle spasms
Cause
Causes of aneurysmal bone cyst in children
(1) Causes of the disease
It has not yet been clarified that abnormal venous tissue or hemodynamic changes in the bone may cause a significant increase in venous pressure, causing an angulated vascular bed in the affected area.
(two) pathogenesis
Occurs in vertebral bodies, pedicles, lamina, spinous processes and long tubular bones. The ribs and vertebral bodies adjacent to the spinal lesions may undergo compression erosion. The tumors of long tubular bones are mainly diaphyseal or metaphyseal. Inflation, in addition, the disease can also be seen in the calcaneus, pubic bone, clavicle, metacarpal and phalanx.
The naked eye has a film outside the capsule, which has a tension inside and is honeycomb-shaped. When the wall is scraped off, it can obtain reddish-brown soft tissue, which contains yellowoid tumor cells, slender trabecular bone and most giant cells, with curved blood vessels and Traffic.
Prevention
Prevention of aneurysmal bone cyst in children
The cause is unknown, refer to the general tumor prevention methods, understand the risk factors of tumors, and formulate corresponding prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of tumors. There are two basic clues to prevent tumors. Even if tumors have begun to form in the body, they can help the body. To increase resistance, these strategies are as follows:
1. Avoid harmful substances (promoting factors) that can help us avoid or minimize exposure to harmful substances.
Some related factors of tumorigenesis are prevented before the onset, and many cancers can be prevented before they are formed. A report in the United States in 1988 compared the international malignant tumors in detail and proposed many external factors of known malignant tumors. In principle, it can be prevented, that is, about 80% of malignant tumors can be prevented by simple lifestyle changes, and traced back. In 1969, Dr. Higginson's research concluded that 90% of malignant tumors are caused by environmental factors," "Environmental factors", "lifestyle" refers to the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we choose to make, the habits of activities, and social relationships.
2. Improve the body's immunity against tumors can help improve and strengthen the body's immune system and cancer.
The focus of our current cancer prevention efforts should first focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as quitting smoking, eating properly, exercising regularly, and losing weight. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can Reduce the chance of cancer.
The most important thing to improve the function of the immune system is: diet, exercise and control troubles. Healthy lifestyle choices can help us stay away from cancer. Maintaining good emotional state and proper physical exercise can keep the body's immune system at its best. Tumors and prevention of other diseases are equally beneficial. Other studies have shown that appropriate activities not only enhance the body's immune system, but also reduce the incidence of colon cancer by increasing the peristalsis of the human intestinal system. Here we mainly understand the diet in preventing tumorigenesis. Some questions.
Human epidemiology and animal studies have shown that vitamin A plays an important role in reducing the risk of cancer. Vitamin A supports normal mucosa and vision. It directly or indirectly participates in most of the body's tissue functions. Vitamin A is present in animal tissues. In the liver, whole eggs and whole milk, the plant is in the form of -carotene and carotenoids, which can be converted into vitamin A in the human body. Excessive intake of vitamin A can cause adverse reactions in the body and -carrot This is not the case with carotenoids, and the low vitamin A content in the blood increases the risk of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that those with low levels of vitamin A intake in the blood increase the likelihood of lung cancer, while those with low blood levels in smokers Levels of vitamin A ingestors have the potential to double lung cancer. Vitamin A and its mixture can help remove free radicals in the body (free radicals can cause damage to genetic material), and secondly stimulate the immune system and help differentiate cells in the body. Ordered tissue (while the tumor is characterized by disorder), some theories suggest that vitamin A can help early carcinogens Invasion mutated cells become reversed the occurrence of the normal growth of cells.
In addition, some studies suggest that supplementation with -carotene alone does not reduce the risk of cancer, but rather increases the incidence of lung cancer. However, when -carotene binds to vitamin C, E and other antitoxin substances, its protective effect. It is shown, because it can increase free radicals in the body when it is consumed by itself. In addition, there are interactions between different vitamins. Both human and mouse studies have shown that the use of -carotene can reduce 40% of vitamins in the body. At E-level, a safer strategy is to eat different foods to maintain a balanced vitamin to protect against cancer, as some protective factors have not been discovered so far.
Complication
Pediatric aneurysmal bone cyst complications Complications, dyskinesia, muscle spasm
Dyskinesia, pain and local muscle spasms, spinal cord lesions can cause compression symptoms of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Symptom
Pediatric aneurysmal bone cyst symptoms common symptoms bone cyst skin temperature increased spinal cord compression
The disease occurs in adolescents under the age of 30, mostly in the 10 to 20 years old, often located in the metaphysis of the long bones and the back of the backbone or spine. The course of disease is longer, most of them are more than half a year, and the symptoms are local pain and swelling, and Dysfunction of the affected area, if the diseased bone is superficial, the mass can be touched, the local temperature is increased, there is tenderness, the affected part has occasional pulsation, and the pulsation can not be touched. The large aneurysm-like bone cyst can smell the noise, and the local puncture can not only suck out. Blood sample fluid, and the internal pressure is often very high. When the lesion of the long tubular bone is adjacent to the joint, it can cause movement disorder. The spinal lesion can cause low back pain and local muscle spasm. The tumor grows continuously or the vertebral body collapses. The spinal cord and nerves appear. The symptoms of compression of the roots, the foamy translucent area of the soap is characteristic of the X-ray photograph of the disease, the lesion is obviously dilated, and the inner edge of the thin shell is like a shell, and most irregular fine septa are visible in the lesion. It is not uncommon for the thin shell to be broken. The disease originated from cancellous bone, but quickly developed into an eccentric position.
Examine
Examination of aneurysmal bone cyst in children
1. Macroscopic morphology: dark red broken membranous tissue, the local resection specimen is an inflated spherical mass, the surface is a thin layer of bone shell, and the blood chamber filled with blood is cut open.
2. Histomorphology: The wall of the capsule is broad-banded and rich in surface cells. It contains many osteoclast-type giant cells and histiocytes. The latter often phagocytose hemosiderin, which is composed of less fibrous tissue and bone-like tissue. Or trabecular bone, the wall of the capsule is often filled with red blood cells, and sometimes the real area composed of the above components is easily misdiagnosed as giant cell tumor or other tumor.
3. X-ray manifestations: significant osteolytic lesions on one side, cortical thinning, inflated, narrow-edged hardened zone with thick or thin irregular trabeculae divided into honeycombs, some cases The periosteal reaction can be seen.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst in children
diagnosis
According to clinical manifestations, X-ray findings and pathological changes were diagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
Different from single atrial bone cyst, single bone cyst is a central expansion, ovarian dilatation of the tumor cyst, bone fracture of the cyst, bloody liquid or blood clot in the capsule, each of which makes the naked eye Pathological confusion, hyperparathyroidism is more common in adulthood, and elevated blood calcium can be identified.
