Pediatric sacrococcygeal teratoma
Introduction
Introduction to children's appendix teratoma The tibial part is not only prone to teratoma, but also a site of malignant transformation. The incidence of malignancy in all patients was 10% to 20%. 90% of neonatal teratomas are benign, most of the teratoma of the appendix are benign, and the tumor has a complete capsule. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: constipation
Cause
The cause of teratoma in children with appendix
(1) Causes of the disease
The etiology of teratoma in the appendix is unknown.
(two) pathogenesis
Teratoma is divided into three types: maturation, immature and malignant. Malignant teratoma is rare. The teratoma is mostly nodular, the cyst wall is tough, the internal hardness of the tumor is inconsistent, and there may be cystic changes, including 3 germ layer tissues. , ectodermal nerve tissue, stratified epithelial tissue and teeth, mesoderm bone, cartilage, fat and connective tissue, endoderm gut gland, thyroid, etc., teratoma malignancy is grade I, malignant teratoma It is grade III~IV.
Prevention
Prevention of teratoma in children's appendix
Refer to the general tumor prevention methods, understand the risk factors of tumors, and formulate corresponding prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of tumors. There are two basic clues to prevent tumors. Even if tumors have begun to form in the body, they can help the body to improve resistance. These strategies are as follows:
1. Avoid harmful substances (promoting factors)
It is able to help us avoid or minimize exposure to harmful substances.
Some related factors of tumorigenesis are prevented before the onset, and many cancers can be prevented before they are formed. A report in the United States in 1988 compared the international malignant tumors in detail and proposed many external factors of known malignant tumors. In principle, it can be prevented, that is, about 80% of malignant tumors can be prevented by simple lifestyle changes, and traced back. In 1969, Dr. Higginson's research concluded that 90% of malignant tumors are caused by environmental factors," "Environmental factors", "lifestyle" refers to the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we choose to make, the habits of activities, and social relationships.
2. Improve the body's immunity against tumors
Can help to strengthen and strengthen the body's immune system and cancer.
The focus of our current cancer prevention efforts should first focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as quitting smoking, eating properly, exercising regularly, and losing weight. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can Reduce the chance of cancer.
The most important thing to improve the function of the immune system is: diet, exercise and control troubles. Healthy lifestyle choices can help us stay away from cancer. Maintaining good emotional state and proper physical exercise can keep the body's immune system at its best. Tumors and prevention of other diseases are equally beneficial. Other studies have shown that appropriate activities not only enhance the body's immune system, but also reduce the incidence of colon cancer by increasing the peristalsis of the human intestinal system. Here we mainly understand the diet in preventing tumorigenesis. Some questions.
Human epidemiology and animal studies have shown that vitamin A plays an important role in reducing the risk of cancer. Vitamin A supports normal mucosa and vision. It directly or indirectly participates in most of the body's tissue functions. Vitamin A is present in animal tissues. In the liver, whole eggs and whole milk, the plant is in the form of -carotene and carotenoids, which can be converted into vitamin A in the human body. Excessive intake of vitamin A can cause adverse reactions in the body and -carrot This is not the case with carotenoids, and the low vitamin A content in the blood increases the risk of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that those with low levels of vitamin A intake in the blood increase the likelihood of lung cancer, while those with low blood levels in smokers Levels of vitamin A ingestors have the potential to double lung cancer. Vitamin A and its mixture can help remove free radicals in the body (free radicals can cause damage to genetic material), and secondly stimulate the immune system and help differentiate cells in the body. Ordered tissue (while the tumor is characterized by disorder), some theories suggest that vitamin A can help early carcinogens Invasion mutated cells become reversed the occurrence of the normal growth of cells.
In addition, some studies suggest that supplementation with -carotene alone does not reduce the risk of cancer, but rather increases the incidence of lung cancer. However, when -carotene binds to vitamin C, E and other antitoxin substances, its protective effect. It is shown, because it can increase free radicals in the body when it is consumed by itself. In addition, there are interactions between different vitamins. Both human and mouse studies have shown that the use of -carotene can reduce 40% of vitamins in the body. At E-level, a safer strategy is to eat different foods to maintain a balanced vitamin to protect against cancer, as some protective factors have not been discovered so far.
Vitamin C, E is another anti-tumor substance that prevents the harm of carcinogens such as nitrosamines in food. Vitamin C protects sperm from genetic damage and reduces the risk of leukemia, kidney cancer and brain tumors in their offspring. Vitamin E can reduce the risk of skin cancer. Vitamin E has the same anti-tumor effect as vitamin C. It is a scavenger that protects against toxins and scavenges free radicals. The combination of vitamins A, C and E protects the body against toxins. Better than applying it alone.
At present, research on phytochemistry has attracted widespread attention. Phytochemistry is a chemical found in plants, including vitamins and other substances found in plants. Thousands of plant chemicals have been found, many of which have anticancer properties. The protective mechanism of these chemicals not only reduces the activity of carcinogens but also enhances the body's immunity against carcinogens. Most plants provide antioxidant activity that exceeds the protective effects of vitamins A, C, and E, such as a cup of cabbage. Contains 50mg of vitamin C and 13U of vitamin E, but its antioxidant activity is equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 800mg of vitamin C and 1100u of vitamin E. It can be inferred that the antioxidant effect in fruits and vegetables is far better than what we know. The effect of vitamins is strong, and no doubt natural plant products will help prevent cancer in the future.
Complication
Complications of teratoma in children with appendix Complications constipation
Bacterial infection can occur in tumor rupture, and children often have progressive constipation and difficulty urinating.
Symptom
Symptoms of teratoma in children with appendix. Common symptoms constipation cysts and lumbar vertebrae
The size of the teratoma of the appendix is different. The children have urination, difficulty in defecation, sometimes the buttocks are swollen, and there may be a mass in the appendix. Because the tumor tends to grow sideways to the buttocks, the buttocks often appear asymmetrical, sometimes tumors. From the perineal bulging protrusion, rectal compression or involvement may have constipation or fecal incontinence, a part of common tumors are cystic, tumors can be misdiagnosed as perianal abscess when bacterial infection occurs, and a large tumor can affect The mother's childbirth, rectal examination can reach the anterior sacral mass, malignant teratoma grows rapidly, progressive constipation and dysuria.
One of the biological characteristics of teratoma is that it can produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), but not all teratomas produce alpha-fetoprotein. Malignant teratomas, like liver cancer, have a high positive rate of alpha-fetoprotein. Up to 80%, the malignant part is mainly yolk sac cancer, Tsuchia collects 19 cases of malignant teratoma, 17 cases are yolk sac tumor, yolk sac tumor produces alpha-fetoprotein has been confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody method from the tissue, benign About 50% of alpha-fetoprotein is positive in teratoma, and AFP detection is helpful for diagnosis.
Examine
Examination of teratoma in children's appendix
The positive rate of blood AFP was high. When there was bacterial infection, the peripheral blood leukocyte count and neutrophil count were significantly increased.
X-ray plain film can be seen in the tumor with bone, tooth shadow, lateral image can be seen in the appendix with a mass shadow, the barium enema can be seen in the rectum flexing forward, intravenous pyelography can help to define the extent and location of the tumor, with or without metastasis, need Do chest X-ray examination of bones.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of teratoma in children with appendix
In the diagnosis, attention should be paid to the differentiation of the spinal cord membrane. The rectal examination can reach the appendix teratoma with a mass in front of the iliac crest and the appendix bone can be clearly touched in the patients with spinal cord bulging.
