congenital bronchial cyst
Introduction
Introduction to congenital bronchogenic cyst Congenital bronchial cysts (congenital bronchial cysts) are congenital lung germ dysplasia, some bronchial trees stop developing and are separated from adjacent normal airway tissues. If it occurs in the early stage of embryonic development, the lung tissue is not fully formed, and the proximal tracheal sprouting is abnormal, the cyst is mostly located in the extrapulmonary mediastinum and becomes the mediastinal bronchial cyst; if it occurs in the late stage of embryonic development, the lung tissue is fully developed, far If the end trachea-bronchial tree bud is abnormal, the cyst is mostly located in the lung and becomes a bronchogenic cyst in the lung. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumothorax
Cause
Causes of congenital bronchogenic cysts
Congenital dysplasia (23%):
The lung buds that occur in the gut during embryonic development gradually develop into bronchial trees and alveoli. In the early stage of development, the lung bud is a cord-like tissue, which gradually evolves into a tubular shape. If the embryo develops, the cord-like structure cannot evolve into a tubular shape, and the distal primitive bronchial tissue is separated from the proximal tissue, gradually forming a blind tube and lumen. The secretions inside can not be discharged, and the accumulation of swelling will form a cyst containing mucus.
Pathogenesis:
The mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are mostly located next to the trachea, under the carina and left main bronchus. The bronchial cysts in the lungs are mostly located in the lower lobe of the two lungs. The bronchial cysts are isolated and thin-walled. The cystic cavity is filled with mucus or serous fluid. Mucus and gas can be seen. Microscopic examination shows that the wall of the capsule is a pseudo-stratified ciliated epithelium. It is a normal bronchial wall component, and some of them are squamous metaplasia or columnar epithelium. The cyst wall contains cartilage, smooth muscle cord, elastic fiber, and glandular components.
Prevention
Congenital bronchial cyst prevention
1. The room maintains proper temperature and humidity. The room temperature of the patient with chronic bronchitis should be relatively stable, generally 18 to 20 °C.
2, often open the window ventilation, reduce the spread of respiratory diseases, prevent infection, while also avoiding the dirty air to bring irritability, burnout, dizziness, loss of appetite and other adverse reactions. Therefore, it is very important to increase the number of ventilation and ventilation of the window to keep the indoor air flowing and fresh.
3, to avoid harmful and irritating gas stimulation, strengthen nutrition, reasonable diet.
Complication
Congenital bronchogenic cyst complications Complications
Pneumothorax and pus gas chest.
Symptom
Symptoms of congenital bronchogenic cysts Common symptoms Chest tightness Respiratory distress syndrome Purulent cysts Abnormal breath hemoptysis
Most asymptomatic, by conventional chest X-ray examination, if the cyst is connected with the bronchus, respiratory symptoms, such as repeated fever, cough and purulent sputum, and even hemoptysis may occur. If the cyst is connected to the bronchus, the compression may occur. Symptoms, such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and even breathing distress and cyanosis.
Clinical features are:
1. Most of the patients had no complaints, and the chest X-ray was found abnormal.
2. Located in the mediastinum, near the carina, the bronchial cysts of the bronchi and hilar are connected with the bronchi.
Examine
Examination of congenital bronchogenic cysts
The blood is normal.
Chest X-ray films see mediastinal bronchogenic cysts overlap with hilar vascular shadow or mediastinal shadow, development is unclear, and may be accompanied by tracheal and esophageal displacement, lateral chest radiograph shows the cyst located in the mediastinum, chest CT scan and MRI imaging can be displayed more clearly.
In the chest X-ray film, the bronchogenic cyst in the lung is isolated from the lungs in the shape of a spherical or oval shape. The density is darkened and the density is uniform. The boundary is sharp and mostly located in the inner part of the lung field.
X-ray examination of esophageal barium meal is helpful for the diagnosis of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts, and the esophagus and trachea can be found.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital bronchogenic cyst
Comprehensive clinical features can be diagnosed.
Bronchiectasis, bronchiectasis is caused by chronic suppurative inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchus and surrounding lung tissue, which destroys the muscles and elastic tissues of the bronchial wall, leading to bronchial deformation and persistent expansion. Typical symptoms are chronic cough, massive cyanosis, and repeated hemoptysis. The main pathogenic factors are bronchial infection, obstruction and traction, and some have congenital genetic factors. Patients have a history of measles, whooping cough or bronchial pneumonia.
Esophageal cysts, esophageal cysts are less common benign esophageal masses and are residual tissues of the embryonic stage. Because its morphology is similar to benign tumors, it is generally included in benign esophageal tumors, and its incidence is second only to esophageal leiomyoma, and most of them are located in the esophageal wall.
