Congenital giant pigmented nevus
Introduction
Introduction to congenital giant pigmented nevus The congenital giant pigmented nevus (giantcongenitalpigmented nevus) is a special type of congenital sputum cell sputum that is not hereditary and can be more than 20 cm in diameter. Damage covers most of the hair, shoulders, limbs or trunk, and 10% to 13% of patients can develop malignant melanoma. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: lipoma, fibromatosis, neurofibroma
Cause
Congenital giant pigmented nevus
The etiology of this disease is not clear, and it is not hereditary, so the possibility of relationship with chromosomes is very small. It is currently considered to have a certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy.
Prevention
Congenital giant pigmented nevus prevention
The etiology of this disease is not clear, and it is not hereditary, so the possibility of relationship with chromosomes is very small. It is currently considered to have a certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy. Therefore, this disease can not directly prevent the cause. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are also important for indirect prevention of this disease.
Complication
Congenital giant pigmented nevus complications Complications lipoma fibroma neurofibromatosis
Occurred in the back damage, congenital giant cell pigmented nevus can be complicated by coffee spots, fibroids, lipoma or neurofibroma.
Symptom
Congenital hyperpigmentation symptoms common symptoms pigmented plaques coffee plaque nodules spina bifida
1. At birth, the damage covers most of the hair, shoulders, limbs or trunk. The color is darker, often brownish black or black, with a feeling of infiltration, higher than the leather surface, with small papillary nodules on the surface or It is a sputum-like hyperplasia, often with hair, thicker than normal, black and many, and can grow with the same age, and there are satellite-like lesions in the periphery.
2. The damage that occurs in the back, the hair is often arranged in a spiral shape centered on the midline, and may be accompanied by spina bifida or meningeal protrusion in the vertebrae; in the scalp, the surface has a cerebral regurgitation, called a giant cerebral palsy. May be associated with pia mater melanoma, manifested as epilepsy, mental retardation and other localized neurological abnormalities, others may be complicated by coffee spots, fibroids, lipoma or neurofibroma.
3. It is more obvious after childhood. It can no longer grow in the future, and the color may be lightened. 10% to 13% of patients may develop malignant melanoma, which can occur at all ages.
Examine
Congenital examination of giant pigmented nevus
Histopathology: There are three kinds of ingredients mixed, but often one ingredient is the main one: 1 compound sputum or intradermal sputum; 2 nerve sputum, nerve tube and scorpion body; 3 blue sputum, rare, often secondary Ingredients, but a few can be the main component, melanoma malignant often originated from the true epidermal junction, but a few can also occur from the dermis, the latter mostly composed of undifferentiated cells like lymphoblasts, no or very little melanin.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of congenital giant pigmented nevus
diagnosis
According to clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and the characteristics of laboratory tests can be diagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
The disease should be differentiated from other pigmented nevus, such as birthmarks, hemangioma, and Adensen's disease.
1. Birthmark: Because the baby is born, it is also known as a child. Histologically, melanocytes stay in the deep dermis, so it is also called dermal melanosis. Mongolian plaque can occur in any part of the body, more common in the lumbosacral region and hip. Because the melanin particles are located in a deeper part, under the Tyndall effect of light, there is a special gray cyan or blue color.
2. Hemangioma: Hemangioma is also a congenital disease. It is caused by abnormal expansion of blood vessels, which mainly causes pigmentation of the skin.
3. Adenson's disease: This disease is due to skin pigmentation caused by abnormal secretion of steroid hormones. The blood steroid content can be checked to complete the examination.
