neurological food poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to neurotic food poisoning Neurotoxic food poisoning refers to botulism, which is an acute poisoning disease caused by eating food containing Clostridium botulinum exotoxin. Clinically, nausea, vomiting and central nervous system symptoms such as eye muscles and pharyngeal muscle spasm are the main manifestations. If the rescue is not timely, the mortality rate is higher. The disease was first discovered in Wildbad, southern Germany in 1793. It was named as botulism because the patient became sick after eating metabolites. Men, women and children have a susceptibility to the disease and no persistent immunity after the disease. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: respiratory failure pneumonia
Cause
Cause of neurotic food poisoning
(1) Sources of infection: livestock, poultry and fish are the source of infection.
(2) Ways of transmission: mainly through food transmission, more common in cured meat, bacon, pork and poorly produced canned food. In some areas, it has been caused by eating soybean meal, bean paste, stinky tofu and fresh fish, pork and pork liver. .
(3) Susceptibility: It is generally susceptible and does not cause infection between people.
Prevention
Neurotic food poisoning prevention
Strictly manage and inspect food, especially the production and preservation of canned food, ham, and salted food. If there are bulging at both ends of the canned food, or if the content and color of the food are changed, it should be prohibited from being sold and banned, even if it is boiled. It is not suitable for eating. Cereals and beans are also contaminated by botulism. Therefore, it is forbidden to eat fermented or corrupt food. In the case of war, the enemy should spread the aerosol of botulinum toxin to contaminate drinking water, causing collective poisoning. When there is botulinum toxin poisoning in the same eater, the rest should be given immediate multi-price refined venom anti-venom serum prevention, 1000 ~ 2000u subcutaneous injection, once a week, a total of 3 times, regular canned food, may consider botulism Bacterial toxins.
Complication
Neuropathic food poisoning complications Complications, respiratory failure, pneumonia
Severe patients were not rescued in time for most deaths, and the mortality rate was 30-60. The causes of death were mostly respiratory failure caused by medullary paralysis, cardiac insufficiency and secondary infection caused by aspiration pneumonia.
Symptom
Symptoms of neurotic food poisoning Common symptoms Nausea weakness, difficulty breathing, vertigo, light reflex, disappearance, diphtheria, pharyngeal respiratory muscles, bloating
The incubation period is 12 to 36 hours, the shortest is 2 to 6 hours, and the elderly can reach 8 to 10 days. The higher the poisoning dose, the shorter the incubation period and the heavier the condition.
Sudden onset, headache, dizziness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting (E-type nausea and vomiting, type A and B-type bacteria are lighter); later, intraocular and external tendon, eye appearance Symptoms, such as blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, dilated pupils, disappearance of light reflexes, flushing of the mouth and throat, accompanied by sore throat, such as pharyngeal muscle spasm, cause breathing difficulties, low muscle strength is mainly seen in the neck and At the proximal end of the limb, due to the weakness of the cervical muscles, the head tilts forward or leans toward one side, and the sacral reflection can be reduced in symmetry.
The nerve endings of the plant are stimulated first and then inhibited. Therefore, the secretion of lacrimal gland, sweat gland and parotid gland increases first and then decreases. The blood pressure first rises normally and then rises. The pulse is slow and fast, often has intractable stool, bloating, urinary retention, and illness. Clear, feeling normal, no fever, light gradually recovered within 5 to 9 days, but the general weakness and eye muscle spasm last longer.
Examine
Examination of neurotic food poisoning
1. Animal test
(1) Take early serum into the abdominal cavity of mice (or guinea pigs, kittens), 1 ml per mouse, and add A, B, E, F antitoxins to the control group. If there is botulinum toxin, the mice will have difficulty breathing. And the waist and the sound of the bee, but the addition of the same type of anti-toxin is asymptomatic.
(2) Taking the suspicious food physiological saline to leach the filtrate, injecting into the abdominal cavity of the mouse by the above method, observing the result, and additionally extracting the leachate which was detoxified by heating at 100 ° C for 20 minutes as a control.
(3) Avian eyelid injection method, 0.1-0.5 ml of the sample solution is injected into the lower eyelid of the chicken, sparrow or pigeon, and the other side is injected with the dilution liquid as a control. If the eyelid is closed, the specimen can be determined to contain botulinum toxin. .
2. Indirect hemagglutination test
Red blood cells sensitized with fenac antitoxin to check for suspected food extracts with or without toxins, high specificity and sensitivity.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of neurotic food poisoning
diagnosis
It can be diagnosed based on medical history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Identification with polio, diphtheria, paralysis, epidemic encephalitis, acute polyradiculitis, venom and staphylococcal enterotoxin poisoning.
