Epidermal nevus
Introduction
Introduction to epidermis Epidermal nevus (also known as verrucousepidermalnevi), also known as the list of lateral sputum, linear epidermal sputum, etc., is a congenital limited epidermal dysplasia of the epidermis, usually at birth or In childhood, the incidence rate is about 1/1000 of that of newborns, and the skin lesions can subside on their own, which is extremely rare. This epidermis was first described by VonBaerensprung in 1863. It is called unilateral sputum, also known as linear epidermis, scorpion scorpion, scorpion-like scorpion scorpion, etc., with dozens of different names. Because the age of onset of this disease is very early, and the clinical manifestations are special, mostly unilateral sacral uplift damage, so the diagnosis is not difficult. However, it needs to be distinguished from linear moss, linear lichen planus and linear psoriasis. The disease persists and the linear moss can resolve itself. At the same time, there are symptoms like papillary and papillary hyperplasia, so it can be distinguished from linear moss. The linear arrangement of lichen planus and psoriasis has certain characteristics in pathology, and the clinical combination can be distinguished from the disease. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.002%-0.003% Susceptible population: common at birth or childhood Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sebaceous glands
Cause
Epidermal sputum
Cell mutation (30%):
This disease is caused by epidermal cell over-development caused by localized dysplasia of the epidermis, which may be related to mutation of keratinocytes. In some cell lines of patients, chromosomal breakpoints indicating genetic mosaicism were found, and occasionally there were reports of familial morbidity.
Pathogenesis:
The epidermis of the patient showed different degrees of hyperplasia, mainly hyperkeratosis, hypertrophy of the acanthosis, elongation of the epidermis, papillary hyperplasia, and visible thickening of the granular layer and columnar parakeratosis, increased melanin in the basal layer, but no sputum cells. Hyperplasia. If you have a sputum cell sputum, see sputum cells. A small number of head and face lesions may be associated with sebaceous glands or papillary sweat duct cystadenoma. The inflammatory type still has focal keratosis and mild acanthosis, and mild chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis. Some generalized, even or limited patients can show exfoliative hyperkeratosis and often extend throughout the epidermis.
Prevention
Epidermal plaque prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Epidermal complication Complications sebaceous glands
No special complications.
Symptom
Epidermal sputum symptoms Common symptoms Papular oral mucosa leukoplakia skin
It is common at birth or during childhood. In some cases, the adult skin lesions are obvious. The incidence rate is about 1/1000 of that of newborns. The incidence of male and female is equal. The skin lesions can be divided into local and systemic, and the limited linear epidermis is A single linear lesion, consisting of dense velvety, granular or papillary papules, arranged in a continuous or intermittent line, with clear plaques, normal color, reddish, yellowish or even black, occurring in the head The genus, trunk or limbs are arranged in a unilateral longitudinal line; those occurring in the trunk are arranged in a striated or spiral shape. When the face is involved, the oral mucosa may also be affected, and the systemic epidermal cutaneous lesion is the same as the limit. Different skin lesions are not only one, but many skin lesions are arranged in parallel, especially in the trunk. The lesions are located on one side and even bilaterally symmetrically distributed. This type of extensive skin lesion is prone to bone and central nervous system damage. , causing the so-called "epidermal syndrome", generally no symptoms, invading nail folds, can cause recurrence of paronychia and deck distortion, wrinkle involvement, skin impregnation, odor, very rare The skin lesions can subside on their own.
Examine
Examination of epidermis
The tissue resembles benign papilloma, which is characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillary hyperplasia and epidermal process. The pigment in the basal layer is often increased. The localized type is characterized by dense keratosis, acanthosis, and central space. Bubble formation and intracellular, large transparent keratin particles, inflammation type often shows epidermal focal keratosis, occasional or acanthosis mild sponge state, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the upper part of the dermis, in terms of general hair style, most single The bilateral and partial bilateral lesions are the same as the localized type. Most of the bilateral and a few unilateral generalized patients often show a special spinous process that is hyperplastic and often affects the entire epidermis.
Diagnosis
Epidermal diagnosis
Because the age of onset of this disease is very early, and the clinical manifestations are special, mostly unilateral sacral uplift damage, so the diagnosis is not difficult. However, it needs to be distinguished from linear moss, linear lichen planus and linear psoriasis. The disease persists and the linear moss can resolve itself. At the same time, there are symptoms like papillary and papillary hyperplasia, so it can be distinguished from linear moss. The linear arrangement of lichen planus and psoriasis has certain characteristics in pathology, and the clinical combination can be distinguished from the disease.
